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Kinematics of Machinery: Gyroscopic Stabilisation

This document discusses gyroscopic stabilization through examples like a spinning bike wheel or top. It explains that a spinning gyroscope wants to maintain its axis of spin due to its angular momentum. Angular momentum points in the direction of angular velocity, which is the rate of change of an angle over time. A torque applied to a spinning wheel produces a change in its angular momentum, causing it to precess. Gyroscopes are used for navigation and satellite stabilization, with modern satellites using reaction wheels that resist tilting through gyroscopic effects to control their orientation in orbit.

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Venkatesh Mec
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315 views21 pages

Kinematics of Machinery: Gyroscopic Stabilisation

This document discusses gyroscopic stabilization through examples like a spinning bike wheel or top. It explains that a spinning gyroscope wants to maintain its axis of spin due to its angular momentum. Angular momentum points in the direction of angular velocity, which is the rate of change of an angle over time. A torque applied to a spinning wheel produces a change in its angular momentum, causing it to precess. Gyroscopes are used for navigation and satellite stabilization, with modern satellites using reaction wheels that resist tilting through gyroscopic effects to control their orientation in orbit.

Uploaded by

Venkatesh Mec
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kinematics of Machinery

GYROSCOPIC STABILISATION

S.VENKATESH
CB.EN.U4MEE09060
EXAMPLES OF GYROSCOPE
A spinning wheel on an axle.
• Bike wheel.
• Spinning top.
• Yo-yo.
SPECIAL FEATURE OF GYROSCOPE
A spinning gyroscope “wants” to keep spinning in the
same axis.
It resists tilting!
HOW IT IS ACHIEVED?
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Momentum = Mass • Velocity
p = mv
REMEMBER: Momentum points in the same
direction as v!
VELOCITY CORRESPONDING TO ANGULAR MOMENTUM

ANGULAR VELOCITY:
Rate of change of angle per change in time.
DIRECTION OF ω:
BY RIGHT HAND RULE:
The angular momentum of a rotating wheel points
along the axis of rotation.
Torque is a vector
A tangential push on the
spinning wheel produces a
torque which causes the
angular momentum to
increase
Gravity produces a torque which is perpendicular to the
angular momentum
The change in angular
momentum causes the
gyroscope to precess
Gyroscopes are used in
navigation
A bicycle wheel is hanging from a rope on one end of its
axle, as shown. A person is holding the other side of the
axle. What happens to the wheel when the person lets
go? How about now?
WHY A BICYCLE WHEEL RESISTS TILTING?
(STABILISATION)
DUE TO CHANGE IN ANGULAR MOMENTUM
SO… the faster a wheel is spinning, the
harder it is to tilt!
APPLICATIONS IN SATELLITES
• In space, a satellite cannot “push off” of
anything so it relies on gyroscopes to control it’s
orientation.
• Satellites use these 2 examples described to“control”
their orientation when they are in orbit.
Stability
It is vital that satellites are stabilised
to ensure that solar panels are aligned properly
to ensure that communications antennae are aligned
properly
Early satellites used spin stabilisation
Either this required an inefficient omni-directional
aerial
Or antennae were precisely counter-rotated in order to
provide stable communications
Stability (2)
Modern satellites use reaction wheel stabilisation - a
form of gyroscopic stabilisation Other methods of
stabilisation are also possible
including:
eddy currrent stabilisation
(forces act on the satellite as it moves through the
earth’s magnetic field)
Stabilization
1- Rotation: the satellite adjusts the speeds of three
perpendicular wheels to rotate itself in any direction
it wants.
2- Holding position: the satellite uses the fact that a
spinning wheel resists tilting to hold it’s position in
space.
THANK YOU

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