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Chapter: Motivation: Topic: Types of Needs

Psychologists categorize human needs into three types: 1. Primary or biological needs which are required for human survival like food, water, oxygen, and sleep. 2. Secondary needs which are required for psychological and social survival like safety, belongingness through affiliation with social groups, esteem from others' respect and self-respect, and self-actualization through achieving one's full potential. 3. General needs which vary between individuals and can include needs for achievement, nurturance, power, or aggression.

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62 views11 pages

Chapter: Motivation: Topic: Types of Needs

Psychologists categorize human needs into three types: 1. Primary or biological needs which are required for human survival like food, water, oxygen, and sleep. 2. Secondary needs which are required for psychological and social survival like safety, belongingness through affiliation with social groups, esteem from others' respect and self-respect, and self-actualization through achieving one's full potential. 3. General needs which vary between individuals and can include needs for achievement, nurturance, power, or aggression.

Uploaded by

SehrishKhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter: Motivation

Topic: Types of needs


Types of needs
Human needs are things all humans require for normal growth and
development. Psychologists categorized these needs as:
• Primary needs
• Secondary needs
• General needs
1. PRIMARY NEEDS
• These are biological needs.
•  Physiological needs are literally the requirements for human survival as an individual and specie. If these
requirements are not met, the human body simply cannot continue to function.
• Physiological needs include:
Oxygen
Food
Water
Temperature regulation
Bowl and bladder regulation
Pain reduction
Sleep
Maternal care for an infant
Sex
2. SECONDARY NEEDS
• These are requirements for psychological and social survival of a
person.
• These needs are divided into three categories
I. Safety and security needs
II. Psychological needs
III. Social needs
1. Safety and security needs

These needs have to do with people's yearning for a predictable orderly world in which perceived
unfairness and inconsistency are under control.Safety and Security needs include
• personal security
• financial security
• Shelter
• Clothing
• preference for job security
• grievance procedures for protecting the individual from unilateral authority
• savings accounts
• insurance policies
• Health and well-being
• Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts.
2. Psychological Needs
Requirements for psychological survival of a person. These are further
divided into three types.
1. Need for affiliation
2. Self esteem
3. Self actualization
1. Need for affiliation

• Affiliation involves feelings of belongingness, love and care.


• This involves emotionally based relationships in general, such as
Friendship, Intimacy, Family, Humans need to feel a sense of
belonging and acceptance, whether it comes from a large social
group, such as clubs, office culture, religious groups, professional
organizations, sports teams, gangs, or small social connections (family
members, intimate partners, mentors, close colleagues, confidants).
They need to love and be loved by others.
• In the absence of these elements, many people become susceptible
to loneliness, social anxiety, and clinical depression.
2. Esteem needs
• All humans have a need to be respected and to have self-esteem and self-respect.
• esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others.
People need to engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity or
activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-
valued, be it in a profession or hobby.
• Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex.
People with low self-esteem need respect from others. They may seek fame or glory,
which again depends on others. Note, however, that many people with low self-
esteem will not be able to improve their view of themselves simply by receiving
fame, respect, and glory externally, but must first accept themselves internally.
• Psychological imbalances such as depression can also prevent one from obtaining
self-esteem on both levels.
3. Self actualization
• “What a man can be, he must be.” This forms the basis of the
perceived need for self-actualization. 
• This level of need pertains to what a person's full potential is and
realizing that potential. Maslow describes this desire as the desire to
become more and more what one is, to become everything that one
is capable of becoming.
• Inability to utilize potentials can cause frustration, anxiety, and stress.
3. Social Needs
Requirements for social survival of a person. These are categorized as
social approval needs and social comparison needs.
1. Social Approval: Your need to be approved by others. Meeting social
norms. A moderate level of this need is necessary to move in society.
However excessive need for social approval may cause losing of
individuality.
2. Social Comparison: people have an innate drive to evaluate
themselves, often in comparison to others. People make all kinds of
judgments about themselves, and one of the key ways that we do this
is through social comparison, or analyzing the self in relation to others.
3. GENERAL NEEDS
The needs that vary from person to person. For example
• Achievement
• Nurturance
• Power
• Aggression etc.

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