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Differentiated Services: Dr. Lamia Berriche

Differentiated Services (Diffserv) was introduced by IETF to solve scalability and service-type limitations in Integrated Services. Diffserv moves processing to network edges and routes packets based on class rather than flow. Each packet contains a Diffserv Code Point field which defines its per-hop behavior, such as premium, assured, or best-effort forwarding. Routers use these codes to determine how to handle packets. Traffic conditioners like meters, markers, shapers, and droppers implement Diffserv by monitoring traffic and remarking packets according to defined profiles.

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45 views12 pages

Differentiated Services: Dr. Lamia Berriche

Differentiated Services (Diffserv) was introduced by IETF to solve scalability and service-type limitations in Integrated Services. Diffserv moves processing to network edges and routes packets based on class rather than flow. Each packet contains a Diffserv Code Point field which defines its per-hop behavior, such as premium, assured, or best-effort forwarding. Routers use these codes to determine how to handle packets. Traffic conditioners like meters, markers, shapers, and droppers implement Diffserv by monitoring traffic and remarking packets according to defined profiles.

Uploaded by

nourah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differentiated

Services
Dr. Lamia Berriche

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Differentiated Services
 Differentiated Services (DS or Diffserv) was introduced by
the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
 Two fundamental changes were made to IntServ:

1. Solve scalability problem:


 The main processing was moved from the core of the network
to the edge of the network.
 The routers do not have to store information about flows.
 The applications, or hosts, define the type of service they need
each time they send a packet.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Differentiated Services

 Solvethe service-type limitation problem : Per-class


service:
 The router routes the packet based on the class of
service defined in the packet, not the flow.
 Different types of classes are defined based on the needs
of applications.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


DS Field

 In Diffserv, each packet contains a field called the DS field.


 The value of this field is set at the boundary of the network
by the host or the first router designated as the boundary
router.
 IETF proposes to replace the existing TOS (type of
service) field in IPv4 or the class field in IPv6 by the DS
field.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


DS Field
 The DS field contains two subfields: DSCP and CU.
 The DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) is a 6-bit
subfield that defines the per-hop behavior (PHB).
 The 2-bit CU (currently unused) subfield is not currently used.
 The Diffserv capable node (router) uses the DSCP 6 bits as
an index to a table defining the packet-handling mechanism
for the current packet.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Per-Hop Behavior

 TheDiffserv model defines per-hop behaviors


(PHBs) for each node that receives a packet.
 Three PHBs are defined: DE PHB, EF PHB, and AF
PHB.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Per-Hop Behavior
 EF abstraction: “Premium service” with low delay, low-loss,
low jitter, and assured bandwidth.

EF traffic is often given strict priority queuing above all other
traffic classes.

AF: Assured Forwarding divides traffic into four classes


where each AF class is guaranteed some minimum resources
(capacity, buffering).
Within each class, packets are further partitioned into one of
three “drop preference” categories. Congested routers then
drop/mark based on their preference values.
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
AF
 Assured forwarding allows the operator to provide assurance
of delivery as long as the traffic does not exceed some
subscribed rate.
 Traffic that exceeds the subscription rate faces a higher
probability of being dropped if congestion occurs.
 Balanced queue servicing algorithms such as fair queuing or
weighted fair queuing (WFQ) are likely to be used

AF1 AF2 AF3 AF4


Low
Medium
High CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
Traffic Conditioner
 To implement Diffserv, the DS node uses traffic conditioners
such as meters, markers, shapers, and droppers
 Meters:
 The meter checks to see if the incoming flow matches the
negotiated traffic profile.
 The meter also sends this result to other components.
 The meter can use several tools such as a token bucket to check
the profile.
 Marker :
 A marker can remark a packet that is using best-effort
delivery (DSCP: 000000) or down-mark a packet based on
information received from the meter.
 A marker does not up-mark a packet (promote the class).
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
Traffic Conditioner

 Shaper:
 A shaper uses the information received from the
meter to reshape the traffic if it is not compliant
with the negotiated profile.
 Dropper:
 A dropper, which works as a shaper with no
buffer, discards packets if the flow severely
violates the negotiated profile.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Traffic Conditioner

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


CS630: Advanced Computer Networks

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