PRESENTATION ON HOW BIOS WORKS
By
BANDITA TRIPATHY.
S/04/05,C1
CSE.
HOW BIOS WORKS
Inside every PC out there is BIOS, which
stands for Basic Input Output System .
it is a software that interacts with a
computer hardware and the operating
system and the software applications.
BIOS usually store on a FLASH MEMORY
chip on the motherboard, but sometimes
the chip is another type of ROM.
HOW BIOS WORKS
BIOS uses Flash memory, a type of ROM.
BIOS is the 3rd type of software that our
computer needs to operate successfully.
HOW BIOS WORKS
It also helps to control computer’s hardware
settings and for BOOTING up
( boot refers to the process of launching the
operating system) the machine.
Example of BIOS:
1. Motherboard ROM BIOS
2. Video BIOS
3. Drive control BIOS
4. Network adapter BIOS
5. SCSI adapter BIOS
HOW BIOS WORKS
What BIOS Does
The BIOS software has a number of different
roles, but its most important role is to load
the operating system.
When you turn on your computer and the
microprocessor tries to execute its first
instruction, it has to get that instruction from
BIOS not from the OPERATING system.
HOW BIOS WORKS
1. A power-on self-test (POST) for all of the
different hardware components in the
system to make sure everything is working
properly .
2. Providing a set of low-level routines that
the operating system uses to interface to
different hardware devices.
3. It Managing a collection of settings for the
hard disks, clock.
HOW BIOS WORKS
When you turn on your computer, the BIOS
does several things. This is its usual sequence:
1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings
2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
3. Initialize registers and power management
4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)
5. Display system settings
6. Determine which devices are bootable
7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence
HOW BIOS WORKS
OPERATIONS
The first thing the BIOS does is check the
information stored in a tiny(64 bytes) amount of
RAM located on a complementary metal oxide
semiconductor (CMOS) chip.
The CMOS Setup provides detailed information
particular to your system and can be altered as
your system changes.
The BIOS gives these information's to its default
programming as needed for modify or supplement.
HOW BIOS WORKS
Interrupt handlers are small pieces
of software that act as translators
between the hardware components
and the operating system. For
example, when you press a key on
your keyboard, the signal is sent to
the keyboard interrupt handler, which
tells the CPU what it is and passes it
on to the operating system.
HOW BIOS WORKS
The device drivers are other pieces
of software that identify the base
hardware components such as
keyboard, mouse, hard drive and
floppy drive. Since the BIOS is
constantly intercepting signals to and
from the hardware, it is usually copied
into RAM to run faster.
HOW BIOS WORKS
Booting the Computer
Whenever you turn on your computer, the
first thing you see is the BIOS software
doing its thing. On many machines, the
BIOS displays text describing things like the
amount of memory installed in your
computer, the type of hard disk.
During this boot sequence, the BIOS is
doing a remarkable amount of work to get
your computer ready to run.
HOW BIOS WORKS
After checking the CMOS Setup and loading
the interrupt handlers, the BIOS determines
whether the video card is operational.
Most video cards have a miniature BIOS of
their own that initializes the memory and
graphics processor on the card. If they do
not, there is usually video driver information
on another ROM on the motherboard that
the BIOS can load.
HOW BIOS WORKS
Next, The BIOS checks to see if this is a cold
boot or a reboot. It does this by checking the
value at memory address .
E.g.:
1234h-reboot and the BIOS skips the rest of
POST.
If it is a cold boot,
the BIOS verifies RAM by performing a
read/write test of each memory address.
HOW BIOS WORKS
It checks the USB ports for a
keyboard and a mouse.
It looks for a peripheral component
interconnect (PCI) bus.
Any errors during the POST, it will
notify by a series of beeps or a text
message displayed on the screen.
( hardware problem)
HOW BIOS WORKS
The BIOS then displays some details about your
system. This typically includes information about:
The processor
The floppy drive and hard drive
Memory
BIOS revision and date
Display
HOW BIOS WORKS
Updating Your BIOS
Occasionally, a computer will need to have
its BIOS updated. (In case of older
machines). As new devices and standards
arise, the BIOS needs to change in order to
understand the new hardware. Since the
BIOS is stored in some form of ROM,
changing it is a bit harder than upgrading
most other types of software.
THANK YOU!!!!!!!!
