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Translation Oriented Text Analysis

This document discusses key concepts in translation studies and linguistics. It covers Roman Jakobson's classification of translation types, Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about how language shapes perception, issues of equivalence and untranslatability, formal correspondence versus dynamic/textual equivalence, Reiss and Nord's theories of skopos and extratextual factors in translation, and more.

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72 views23 pages

Translation Oriented Text Analysis

This document discusses key concepts in translation studies and linguistics. It covers Roman Jakobson's classification of translation types, Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about how language shapes perception, issues of equivalence and untranslatability, formal correspondence versus dynamic/textual equivalence, Reiss and Nord's theories of skopos and extratextual factors in translation, and more.

Uploaded by

frjd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Translation Oriented Text Analysis

Week II
Roman Jakobson

Interlingual Translation – Eng - Tr


Intralingual Translation – Old Turkish –
Modern Turkish
Intersemiotic Translation- Sign Language
Linguistics and
Translation
Studies
«Any linguistic theory of
translation presupposes an
underlying theory of language. «
Ferdinand de Saussure
Language:
System
Language
vs Parole
Parole: Practice
Signifier vs Signified
?
Bread
«Each sign occupies a place in the
Linguistics language system, differentiating itself
Perspective from some and entering into permissible
groupings with others «
Linguistic Perspective

«The Sapir - Whorf hypothesis: language shapes how the world is perceived, differently
according to language and culture»
Pullum, The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax
Rıoman Jakobson

« “all cognitive experience and its


classification is conveyable in any existing
language” and everything may be
translated with the exception of poetry,
because there the form and structure of
the words are so intertwined with meaning.
In fact, constraints of form (sound,
alliteration, puns, rhythm, etc.) cause
problems in any text and may not be
replicable in the target language.»
Untranslatability

«Although there may be no one-word


equivalent in English and other languages, the
concept may be understood, the classification
based on transportation needs may be
described»
Translation Issue

• «I wondered why the baseball was getting


bigger. Then it hit me.»
Formal Correspondence vs Textual
Equivalence
Formal Correspondence
Vinay and Darbelnet
“equivalence in difference is the cardinal
problem of translation and the pivotal
concern of linguistics.”
It is also a problem for the assessment of
translation. That is, given two language
systems and two different
Equivalence communicative situations, how does a
translator or analyst decide that B in the
target text is an adequate equivalent of A
in the source text? There will always be
an element of subjectivity, but ways to
decide and evaluate equivalence came to
the forefront in translation theory from
the 1960s. «
Formal vs Dynamic Equivalence
«In formal equivalence, the translator seeks to match the different
elements in the source text as closely as possible. In dynamic
equivalence, the aim is for a “natural” translation where “the
relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the
same as that which existed between the original receptors and the
message” (1964, 159)»
Textual Analysis

«1. Informative text types, such as an encyclopedia, where


the translation of the referential content is central.
2. Expressive text types, such as a poem, where the
aesthetic form needs to be transmitted.
3. Operative text types, such as an advertisement, where
the translator should try to elicit the desired response»
(Reiss, 2000)
Skopos Theory
« Skopos theory is also useful when a text has to be
adapted to conform to the target locale»

«1 The coherence rule, which states that the target


text must be interpretable as coherent with the target
text receiver’s situation and requirements, thus “fit
for purpose”

2. The fidelity rule, which stipulates that there must


be coherence between source text and target text,
though without stipulating what that relationship
should be.»
C. Nord
«1. Extratextual factors, which are the translation instructions (known as
“commission” or “brief”). These cover the intended text function, the author
and receiver, the time and place of text reception, the medium
(written/spoken/online, etc.), and the motive for the source text and target
text.
2. The source text analysis itself: subject matter, the content (including
connotation and cohesion), the source text and target text receivers’
background knowledge, the micro- and macrostructure of the source text,
graphics, lexis and terminology, sentence structure and suprasegmental
features of rhythm, sound, and so on. The role of text analysis is to highlight the
important elements in the translation process and to help identify a suitable
translation method»

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