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Evolution of Microprocessor

The document summarizes the evolution of microprocessors over six generations from 1971 to present. It describes the key developments including the first microprocessor by Intel in 1971, the introduction of 16-bit and 32-bit processors in the third and fourth generations, and the 64-bit Pentium processors in the fifth generation. The document provides technical details on early computers like ENIAC and highlights improvements in processing speed, transistor count, and instruction capabilities with each new generation of microprocessors.

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Jeswanth Jeshu
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101 views11 pages

Evolution of Microprocessor

The document summarizes the evolution of microprocessors over six generations from 1971 to present. It describes the key developments including the first microprocessor by Intel in 1971, the introduction of 16-bit and 32-bit processors in the third and fourth generations, and the 64-bit Pentium processors in the fifth generation. The document provides technical details on early computers like ENIAC and highlights improvements in processing speed, transistor count, and instruction capabilities with each new generation of microprocessors.

Uploaded by

Jeswanth Jeshu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evolution of microprocessor

INDEX
• Introduction

• ENIAC

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation
INTRODUCTION
• English mathematician Charles Babbage first man to basic principle of modern computers from 1792-1871 – also father of modern
computers

• 1930 – general purpose mechanical computer was developed

• 1944 – prof. H. Alken – first practical electro mechanical digital computer in collaboration with IBM – called as HAWARD MARK-I

• (1936-1944) - Konard joos – German – developed computer based on 0’s and 1’s rather than decimals numbers, so developed
computers making use of relays(on-off for 1’s and 0’s)

• 1945 – john j Maunchy & J. Presper Eckert Of university of Pennsylvania – developed first electronic computer – ENIAC(Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

• (1940 – 1955) – computers with vacuum tubes are developed.

• 1948 – invention of semiconductor transistors – by Bell laboratory – advantages of reduced size and increased capability also leads
to reduction of cost.

• 1958 – Jack Kilby – Texas instrument – invented of integrated circuits – advantages of small size computers, become more versatile
• 1971 - developed first microprocessor INTEL 4004 – Marcian E. Hoff – Intel Coporation – 4 bit MP
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
• Too huge weighing 30 tons & occupied area 30’ x 50’

• 1800 vacuum tubes, 30,000 registers, 10,000 capacitors & 6000 switches

• 200 (mui) S for addition, 3mS for 10-digit multiplication.

• Separate memory for program and data

• 20 electronic accumulators(A) for memory

• (A) stores 10 digit decimal numbers

• Required of frequent maintenance


FIRST GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR

• Developed by intel corporation – Marcian E. Hoff 4-bit Mp 8-bit Mp

• Used integrated circuits INTEL 4004 INTEL 8008

INTEL 4040 NATIONAL IMP-8


• First MP is INTEL 4004 in 1971
FAIRCHILD PPS-25 ROCKWELL PPS-8
• Programmable controller on a chip
ROCKWELL PPS-4 AMI 7200
• Fabricated using PMOS technology
NATIONAL IMP-4 MOSTEK 5065

• PMOS technology gave low cost but low speed and not compatible with

TTL(Transistor Transistor Logic)

• 1972 – INTEL 8008 -intel introduced PMOS technology first 8-bit

microprocessor
SECOND GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR

• 1973 – NMOS technology offered


8-bit Mp
• Adv. : faster speed, higher density, reliability
INTEL 8008
• 1974 – developed INTEL 8080 – with NMOS tech
INTEL 8085
• Compatible with TTL

• FAIRCHILD F8
2 additional devices to design functional CPU

• 8080 – 64K bytes memory, 8008 – 16K bytes memory MOTOROLA M6800

• 1977 – 8-bit MP – 8085 – intel corporation MOSTEK 5065

• Adv. of 8085 – internal clock generator, internal system controller and higher clock frequency
ZILOG Z-80
• ADVANTAGES :
• 40 pins SIGNETICS 2650
• More no: of on-chip decoded timing signals
• Ability to address more I/O Ports
• More Powerful instruction set
• Faster operation
• Better Interrupt handling capabilities
THIRD GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR

• Introduces in 1978

• 16 bit microprocessors, designed HMOS (High density MOS) Tech


16-bit Microprocessors
• Offers better speed & packing density than NMOS
INTEL 8086 MOTOROLA-68000 INTERSIL 6100
• 1978-16-bit INTEL 8086 – 64 pins – 1979 – 16-bit INTEL 8088
INTEL 8088 MOTOROLA-68010 TOSHIBA TLCS-12
• Memory addressing capacity increased to 1MB to 16 MB
INTEL 80186 NATIONAL IMP-8 ZILOG Z-8000
• Features:
• MP’s were 40/48/64 pins
TEXAS INSTRUMENT
• High speed & very strong processing capability INTEL 80286
TMS – 99000
• Easy to program
• Allow dynamic re-locatable programs
• Size of internal registers were 8/16/32 bits
• Physical m/y space – 1-16 MB, flexible 10 port address
• More powerful interrupt & hardware capabilities
• Segmented address and virtual memory features
FOURTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR

• 32 bit microprocessors 32-bit Microprocessors

• 1985 – 80386 & 1989 – 80486


INTEL 80386 MOTOROLA M-68020
• 80386 MP is compatible with 8086, 8088, 80386
INTEL 80486 MOTOROLA M-68030
• 80386 executes many instructions in 2 clock cycles – 80486 executes 1 clock

• Low versions of HMOS is used


NATIONAL NS16022 BELLMAC - 32

MOTOROLA MC 88100
FIFTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR

• 1993 - INTEL corporation – PENTIUM with 64 data bus

• Introductory Pentium versions operates with a clock frequency 60 MHz and 66 MHz

and speed of 110 MIPS(Million instructions Per Second)

• 804866 executes 54 million instruction per sec.


SIXTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR

• 1995 - INTEL corporation – PENTIUM PRO PROCESSOR 64-bit Microprocessors

PENTIUM INTEL DUAL CORE


• Contains 21 million transistors, 3 integer units and floating unit to increase the
PENTIUM PRO INTEL CORE 2
performance of most software

PENTIUM II INTEL CORE i3


• Basic clock frequency is 150 MHz and 166 MHz

PENTIUM III INTEL CORE i5

PENTIUM IV INTEL CORE i7


Thank you

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