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Basic Principles of Planning

This document outlines 14 basic principles of planning: commitment of resources, limiting factors, reflective thinking, flexibility, contribution to objectives, efficiency, selection of alternatives, planning premises, timing and sequencing, participation, pervasiveness, strategic planning, innovation, and follow-up. Effective planning requires defining objectives, analyzing problems factually, and diligently researching relevant information. It is an intellectual process that must account for changes and allow flexibility while efficiently meeting goals.

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Ronald Sagang
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586 views24 pages

Basic Principles of Planning

This document outlines 14 basic principles of planning: commitment of resources, limiting factors, reflective thinking, flexibility, contribution to objectives, efficiency, selection of alternatives, planning premises, timing and sequencing, participation, pervasiveness, strategic planning, innovation, and follow-up. Effective planning requires defining objectives, analyzing problems factually, and diligently researching relevant information. It is an intellectual process that must account for changes and allow flexibility while efficiently meeting goals.

Uploaded by

Ronald Sagang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SITUATIONER:

SITUATIONER:
SITUATIONER:
SITUATIONER:
SITUATIONER:
SITUATIONER:
Basic Principles
of Planning
Basic Principles of Planning:
Planning requires scientific thinking and it should spell out in
clear
terms the definition of the purpose, analyse the problem and make
careful and diligent search for all the facts bearing upon it. The task
of planning will be well-accomplished if some fundamental
principles are followed in the process.
1. Principle of Commitment:

This means that certain resources must be committed


or pledged for the purpose of planning. Planning is
not an easy task. So, necessary help is to be taken from
experts. The enterprise must be ready to exhaust the
available resources for the achievement of a plan.
2. Principle of the Limiting Factor
A plan involves varied factors of different
importance. This principle implies that more
emphasis has to be put on that factor which is
scarce or limited in supply or extremely costly.
This will help in selecting the most
favorable alternative.
3. Principle of Reflective Thinking:

Planning, being an intellectual activity is based on


rational considerations. These involve reflective
thinking which signifies problem-solving thought
process—a process by which past experiences are
superimposed on the facts of the present situation and
possible future trends. None can be planner whose
mind is not active, who does not possess any
deliberate power and whose sense of judgement is not
strong.
4. Principle of Flexibility:
Though a plan is prepared after reflective thinking,
this does not mean that no departure can be made in
the course of its operation. The plan should be so
prepared that there is sufficient scope for changing it
from time to time. Changes must necessarily be
effected in the plan for taking into account new
developments that may take place in the course of the
operation of the plan.
5. Principle of Contribution to Enterprise
Objectives

A major plan is prepared and it is supported


by many derivative plans. But all plans must
contribute in a positive way towards the
achievement of the enterprise objectives
6. Principle of Efficiency:

A plan should be made efficient to attain the


objectives of the enterprise at the minimum cost and
least effort. It must also achieve better results with the
minimum of unexpected happenings. Therefore, it is
to be seen that what is expected is likely to be
achieved.
7. Principle of Selection of Alternatives:

Planning is basically a problem of choosing. The


essence of planning is the choice among alternative
courses of action. There is no need for planning if
there is only one way for doing something. In
choosing from alternatives, the best alternative will be
that which contributes most efficiently and effectively
to the accomplishment of a desired goal.
8. Principle of Planning Premises:

A plan is prepared against some foundations or


backgrounds known as ‘Planning Premises’. There
must be complete agreement among the managers in
respect of planning premises over which the structure
of plan is to be framed.
9. Principle of Timing and Sequence of
Operations:

Timing and sequence of operations determine the


starting and finishing time for each piece of work
according to some definite schedule and give practical
and concrete shape and form to work performance.
10. Principle of Securing Participation:

To secure participation of the employees with whole-


hearted co-operation in execution of the plan, it is
necessary that the plan must be communicated and
explained to them for their full understanding. This
understanding provides the basis for additional
knowledge about new facts and matters to the
employees. This is needed for improvement in the
quality of planning. It also ensures an obligation of
the personnel of the enterprise to execute the plan by
individual and joint participation.
11. Principle of Pervasiveness:

Though major planning function is entrusted to the


top management, it is not restricted to the top level
only. It is a function of every manager at every level in
the organization.
12. Principle of Strategic planning:

Strategic planning is essential where there is


competition. It is prepared in the light of what the
competitors are intending to do. Planner must take
into account the strategies of the rival organisations,
otherwise the planning projection may land them in
trouble.
13. Principle of Innovation:

A good system of planning should be responsive to the


opportunities for innovation. Innovation consists in
creating something new for increasing satisfaction of
the consumers. This may also be stated as an important
strategy of business. Innovation is a necessity for its
sustaining growth in this dynamic growth. Innovation
is achieved through research and development and
planning is required to provide such scope.
14. Principle of Follow-up:

In the course of execution of a plan, certain obstacles


may crop up in midway and planning may require
revision, alteration or correction. This is why there must
be a follow-up system in the planning process itself.
This allows timely changes in the planning and makes
it more effective.
However, to plan any kind of work, the following facts
demand utmost attention:

(i) The nature, quality and quantity of work to be done, the best
way of doing it, the time available for its accomplishment, how
to do it, when it is to be done and who are to do it.

(ii) Adequate knowledge about the capacity of the force available


through observations and experiments and from established
standards.

(iii) The priority to be given in succession for the accomplishment


of different tasks through careful analysis.
THANK YOU

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