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Sampling & Quantization (Cont) Delta Modulation, Quantization Error

1) Delta modulation is an alternative method of digitally representing analog signals where the incoming message signal is oversampled and approximated as a staircase waveform. 2) In delta modulation, the difference between the input signal and its previous approximation is quantized and transmitted to reconstruct the signal. 3) A delta modulation system consists of a comparator, quantizer, and encoder to convert the analog signal to digital, and a decoder and low-pass filter to reconstruct the analog signal. Errors can occur due to slope overload and granular noise.

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96 views13 pages

Sampling & Quantization (Cont) Delta Modulation, Quantization Error

1) Delta modulation is an alternative method of digitally representing analog signals where the incoming message signal is oversampled and approximated as a staircase waveform. 2) In delta modulation, the difference between the input signal and its previous approximation is quantized and transmitted to reconstruct the signal. 3) A delta modulation system consists of a comparator, quantizer, and encoder to convert the analog signal to digital, and a decoder and low-pass filter to reconstruct the analog signal. Errors can occur due to slope overload and granular noise.

Uploaded by

LINIJA SHYLIN KP
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module No:5

Sampling & Quantization(Cont)


• Delta Modulation, Quantization
III 5 Error

18EC53
Principles of Communication Systems
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
In delta modulation (DM)
• Alternative method of digitally representing analog
• Information sources, called delta modulation.
– Incoming message signal is oversampled.
• DM provides a staircase approximation to the oversampled version of the
message signal

K.P.Linija 2
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Illustration of Delta Modulation

K.P.Linija 3
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Denoting the input signal as m(t ), and its staircase approximation as mq(t),
the basic principle of delta modulation may be formalized

where Ts is the sampling period


e( nTs) is an error signal

K.P.Linija 4
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Latest approximation is

is the quantized version of e(nTs).

K.P.Linija 5
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Delta Modulation System-Analog to Digital Converter

K.P.Linija 6
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Delta Modulation System-Analog to Digital Converter

It consists of Comparator,Quantizer,Encoder
Comparator - computes the difference between its two inputs.
Quantizer - hard limiterwith an input-output relation that is a scaled version of the signum
function.
Quantizer output –accumulator.

K.P.Linija 7
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Delta Modulation System-Analog to Digital Converter

Accumulator Produces the result as

K.P.Linija 8
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Delta Modulation System-Digital to Analog Converter

K.P.Linija 9
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation
Delta Modulation System-Digital to Analog Converter

The out-of-band quantization noise in the high-frequency staircase waveform


mq{t) is rejected by passing it through a low-pass filter.
Delta modulation is subject to two types of quantization error:
(1) slope overload distortion and
(2) granular noise.

K.P.Linija 10
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation

From this equation that the input quantizer is

K.P.Linija 11
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Delta Modulation

If we consider the maximum slope of the original input waveform m(t), to


increase as fast as the input sequence ofsamples {m(nTs)} in a region of
maximum slope of m(t).
we require that the condition

This condition is called slope overload,and the resulting quantization error is


called slope-overload distortion

K.P.Linija 12
Principles of Communication System 18EC53
Illustration of Quantization Error in Delta Modulation

Granular noise occurs when the step-size A is too large relative to the local slope
characteristics of the input waveform m(t)

K.P.Linija 13

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