University of Information Technology and Communications College of Business Informatics Ism Department Enterprise Resource Planning
University of Information Technology and Communications College of Business Informatics Ism Department Enterprise Resource Planning
AND COMMUNICATIONS
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS INFORMATICS
ISM DEPARTMENT
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
ASSISTANT TEACHER
HASANAIN ALSAEDI
MASTER DEGREE IN STATISTIC
PHD STUDENT IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW
Between XOR and AND
Order distribution process
A company has two warehouses that store different products:
Amsterdam and Hamburg. When an order is received, it is
distributed across these warehouses: if some of the relevant
products are maintained in Amsterdam, a sub-order is sent
there; likewise, if some relevant products are maintained in
Hamburg, a sub-order is sent there. Afterwards, the order is
registered and the process completes.
2
Solution 1
Order distribution process
XOR-split XOR-join
AND-split AND-join
3
Solution 2
Order distribution process
AND-split AND-join
XOR-split XOR-join
4
OR Gateway
cond1
6
What join type do we need here?
7
Beware: Beginner’s Mistake…
Guidelines: Naming Conventions
• Model in blocks
• Pair up each AND-split with an AND-join and each XOR-split with a XOR-
join, whenever possible
• Exception: sometimes a XOR-split leads to two end events – different
outcomes (cf. order management example)
Rework and repetition
Address ministerial correspondence
In the minister’s office, when a ministerial inquiry has been received, it is
registered into the system. Then the inquiry is investigated so that a
ministerial response can be prepared.
The finalization of a response includes the preparation of the response itself
by the cabinet officer and the review of the response by the principal
registrar. If the registrar does not approve the response, the latter needs to
be prepared again by the cabinet officer for review. The process finishes
only once the response has been approved.
12
Quick Note: Implicit vs. explicit gateways
A A
C = C
B B
B B
A
= A
C C
13
How this process starts? How it ends?
Collect Sort
mail mail
New mail Document
arrived requisition
Not compiled
Check acceptable Compile
Register
mail for document
mail
compliance requisition
Document
New email Acceptable response
arrived
prepared
Prepare
Capture
document
matter details
response
Physical
file
printed
Capture party Print
Pay fee
details physical file
14
What’s wrong with this model? How to fix it?
X
Process Modelling Viewpoints
Organization
Who?
Lanes &
Pools
What?
Tasks When?
Events
Flows
Gateways
Which?
Data Objects,
Data / Materials Stores
Organizational Elements in BPMN – Pools & Lanes
Pool
Captures a resource class. Generally used to model a business party
(e.g. a whole company)
Pool
Lane
A resource sub-class within a pool. Generally used to model
departments (e.g. shipping, finance), internal roles (e.g.
Manager, Associate), software systems (e.g. ERP, CRM)
Lane
Pool
Lane
Lane
Lane
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Order-to-cash process with lanes
Message Flow
A Message Flow represents a flow of information between
two process parties (Pools)
Message
Pool 2
Pool 2
Receive
Pool 1
Pool 1
Send Receive
Send
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Order-to-cash process with a black-box customer pool
20
Pools, Lanes and Flows: syntactic rules
1. A Sequence Flow cannot cross the boundaries of a Pool
(message flows can)
2. Both Sequence Flow and Message Flow can cross the
boundaries of Lanes
3. A Message Flow cannot connect two flow elements within
the same pool
One more guideline…
Which?
Data Objects,
Data / Materials Stores
Order-to-cash process, again
Send
invoice
Confirm Archive
Items in order order
stock Order
fulfilled
Check stock
Ship goods
availability
Purchase
order Items not in
received stock
Reject order
Order
rejected
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Model with information artifacts
Purchase Invoice
Order
Purchase
Purchase Purchase Send Order
Order Order invoice
[checked]
Confirm Archive
Items in order order
stock Order
fulfilled
Check stock
Ship goods
availability
Purchase
order Items not in
received stock
Reject order
Order Orders DB
rejected Purchase Shipment
Order notice
Warehouse DB
Purchase Purchase
Order Order
[rejected] [approved]
25
BPMN Information Artifacts
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Quick Note: BPMN Text Annotations
A Text Annotation is a mechanism to provide additional text
information to the model reader
• Doesn’t affect the flow of tokens through the process
Clear vendor
Ship goods
line items
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Thank you for your attention