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One Dimensional Heat Equation

The document summarizes the derivation of the one-dimensional heat equation from Fourier's Law of heat conduction. It considers a homogeneous bar with constant cross-sectional area and derives an expression for the rate of heat transfer through an element of the bar. Taking the limit as the element thickness approaches zero yields the one-dimensional heat equation, where the temperature at any point depends on the second partial derivative with respect to position and time. The equation states that the rate of change of temperature with respect to time equals the thermal diffusivity times the second spatial derivative of temperature.

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377 views8 pages

One Dimensional Heat Equation

The document summarizes the derivation of the one-dimensional heat equation from Fourier's Law of heat conduction. It considers a homogeneous bar with constant cross-sectional area and derives an expression for the rate of heat transfer through an element of the bar. Taking the limit as the element thickness approaches zero yields the one-dimensional heat equation, where the temperature at any point depends on the second partial derivative with respect to position and time. The equation states that the rate of change of temperature with respect to time equals the thermal diffusivity times the second spatial derivative of temperature.

Uploaded by

gnanasekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sri Sairam College Of Engineering

One Dimensional Heat Equation


Engineering Mathematics II – Activity I

- G. Blessy Sachy Eunice


II semester
Few Empirical Laws
• Heat flows from a higher
temperature to a lower
temperature.
• The amount of heat in a body is
proportional to its mass and
temperature.
Fourier’s Law
• It states that the time rate of heat
transfer through a material is
proportional to the negative gradient of
temperature and to the area, at right
angles to that gradient through which
heat flows.
P1 R1

Q1 Q2

O P R x

• Consider a homogeneous bar


• Constant cross-sectional area A,
• Density –ρ
• Specific heat of the element- s
• Thermal conductivity- K
• Let sides of the bar be insulated, so that the heat stream flowing
through it is parallel and perpendicular to the area A.
• Take one end as the origin and the flow of heat in the positive x-axis.
• Let u=u(x,t) be the temperature at any point which depends on it
distance from the origin on the x axis and time.
P1 R1

Q1 Q2

O P R x
x δx
• Consider an element of the bar between the planes P&R at a distance of
x and x+δx.
• Let δu be the change in temperature in a slab of thickness δx.
• Mass of the element = ρ A δx
• Quantity of heat in the element Q = ρ A s δx δu ----------(1)
• Let Q1 be the quantity of heat flowing into the section and Q2 be the
quantity of heat flowing out of the section.
According to fourier’s law:

 u   u 
Q1   KA  / sec Q2   KA  / sec
 x  x  x  x x
• Total amount of heat retained by the element is give by

Q=Q1-Q2
 u    u  
Q   KA     KA  
 x  x   x  x x 
 u   u 
Q  KA   KA 
 x  x x  x  x
 u   u 
Q  KA          (2)
 x  x x  x 

• From equation (1) and (2), we have,

 u   u   u  
Ax  s  KA    
 x   x  x x  x  x 
 u  K  u   u  
      
 t  sx  x  x  dx  x  x 
• Taking limit δx→0

  u   u  

 x     
u K x 
 lim x 0    x x   x 
t s  x 
 
u K   u 
  
x s x  x 

Where C 2  K is the diffusity of the substance and is a constant.


s
2
therefore, u 2  u or u  C 2u xx is the one dimensional heat
C t
equation. x x 2
Thank You!!

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