TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD IN
EDUCATION IN carpentry
and masonry
1. Find the total number of board feet
of six pieces of lumber with a
dimension of 2" x 4" x 12'.
a. 8 bd. ft.
b. 96 bd. ft.
c. 48 bd. ft.
d. 480 bd. ft.
2. There are numerous kinds of saw.
When sawing along the grain of
wood, you need a ________.
a. back saw
b. cross cut saw
c. rip saw
d. circular saw
3. Fastening materials are important
in woodworks. The most common
of these materials is ________.
a. dowel
b. bolts
c. screw
d. nails
4. A wood product made of three or
more veneer slice that are laid one
upon the other and bonded with glue
or synthetic resin is ________.
a. Pressed wood
b. Plywood
c. Particle board
d. Soft wood
5. The strongest form of wood joint
applicable for table legs is
________.
a. miter
b. mortise and tenon
c. dado
d. butt and lap
6. In carpentry, splicing or
joining of wood using two side
blocks is called:
a. Lapping
b. Scarfing
c. Fishing
d. Jointing
7. There is considerable number
of wood joints. The simplest and
easiest to make is ________.
a. Lap joint
b. Dado joint
c. Miter joint
d. Butt joint
8. A triangular file is used to sharpen
a saw. What is the angle of the file
set against the bevel of the tooth of a
cross cut saw?
a. 30 degrees
b. 45 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 60 degrees
9. A saw angle should be adjusted
depending on the kind of wood. What
is the recommended angle for soft and
thin wood?
a. 30-45 degrees
b. 60 degrees
c. 80 degrees
d. 20 degrees
10. Which is considered to be the
oldest and most commonly used
building material?
a. Cement
b. Wood
c. Steel
d. Sand
11. A wood which is obtained
from conifers and are used for
framing?
a. Hard wood
b. Soft wood
c. Dark wood
d. Brown wood
12. Which wood is obtained
from deciduous trees?
a. Hard wood
b. Soft wood
c. Dark wood
d. Brown wood
13. Which is a binding agent that
reacts with water to form a hard
stone-like substance?
a. Glue
b. Cement
c. Mortar
d. Grout
14. It is the process of changing
the color for the tabletop using
varnish.
a.Staining
b.Bleaching
c.Blending
d.Coloring
15. This tool is designed for cutting
irregular shapes and curves on thin
pieces of wood.
a.Coping saw
b.Crosscut saw
c.Hack saw
d.Rip saw
16. It is the building of structures
from individual units laid in and
bound together by mortar.
a.Masonry
b.Building Construction
c.Carpentry
d.Housing
17. Trees are cut into logs and
processed into ______________.
a.Heartwood of lumber
b.Dry wood part
c.Lumber
d.Sapwood
18. Which lumber has been cut
tangentially to the growth rings and the
fiber runs about 90 degrees to the face?
a.Close grain
b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain
d.Flat grain
19. Which lumber has been cut from logs
radially to the growth rings and the fiber
runs about parallel to the face?
a.Close grain
b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain
d.Flat grain
20. Which lumber has wood fiber
that does not run parallel to the
board?
a.Close grain
b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain
d.Flat grain
21. Which lumber has wood fibers
that are packed closely together?
a.Close grain
b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain
d.Flat grain
22. What makes the door swing
when you close and open it?
a.Door shutter
b.Door hinge
c.Door knob
d.Door lock
23. If you want to go upstairs,
which part do you step on?
a.Handle
b.Handrail
c.Read
d.Riser
24. A carpenter wants to construct
a stair, what could be the standard
height of the riser?
a. 5-6 inches
b. 6-8 inches
c. 8-10 inches
d. 10-12 inches
25. In masonry works, it is necessary
to wear protective equipment,
EXCEPT:
a. mask
b. goggles
c. gloves
d. ear muffs
26. In the construction site, what
protects the carpenter from falling
objects?
a. Hat
b. Belt and harness
c. Helmet
d. Shed
27. These are compress baked
clay that are processed into
workable materials?
a. Stone
b. Sand
c. Bricks
d. CHB
28. A carpenter makes a picture
frame. Which type of joint is
appropriate?
a. Dado joint
b. Tenon joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
29. A carpenter fixes shelves of a
bookcase. Which type of joint is
appropriate?
a. Dado joint
b. Mortise and Tenon joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
30. In which wood joint is the end
of one member inserted to hole of
the other member?
a. Dado joint
b. Mortise and Tenon joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
31. Which wood joint describes the
technique for joining two pieces by
putting one side over the other?
a. Dado joint
b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
32. Which wood joint describes the
technique for joining two pieces by
putting one end over the other?
a. Dado joint
b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
33. Which is the simplest type
of wood joint?
a. Dado joint
b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
34. Which wood joint describes the
technique for joining two pieces by
cutting of 45 degrees angle?
a. Rabbet joint
b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
35. Which wood joint protects the
room occupants from seeing
outside?
a. Rabbet joint
b. Butt joint
c. Bridle joint
d. Miter joint
36. Which wood joint is used to
support the middle of a bench?
a. Dado joint
b. Butt joint
c. Bridle joint
d. Miter joint
37. 5 pcs. of a 1" x 1' x 8' lumber
is how many board feet?
a. 30
b. 35
c. 40
d. 45
38. A 2" x 3" x 12' lumber is how
many board feet?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
39. One decameter of G.I. sheets
is how many centimeters?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 100
d. 1,000
40. 10 yards length of wood is
how many feet?
a. 36
b. 35
c. 30
d. 24
41. If you have 2 yards length of a
piece of wood, how long is it in
inches?
a. 82
b. 72
c. 84
d. 64
42. If you have 2 ft length of a
piece of wood, how long is it in
inches?
a. 25
b. 12
c. 22
d. 24
43. Which unit is the basic
linear unit of a Metric system?
a. foot
b. meter
c. yard
d. inch
44. Which unit is the basic linear unit
of an English system?
a. foot
b. meter
c. yard
d. inch
45. How tall is a 10 meter building
in inches?
a. 3.937
b. 39.37
c. 393.7
d. 3,937
46. A mason wants to mix concrete.
Which tool is appropriate?
a. Shovel
b. Buttering
c. Trowel
d. Float
47. A mason wants to set or cut brick,
block, or stone. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Claw hammer
b. Crandall
c. Mason's hammer
d. Star drill
48. A mason wants to repair
mortar joints. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Pointing trowel
b. Crandall
c. Cold chisel
d. Brick trowel
49. A mason wants to mix and move
mortar in brick laying. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Pointing trowel
b. Crandall
c. Cold chisel
d. Brick trowel
50. A mason wants to create a smooth
finish of concrete after floating.
Which tool is appropriate?
a. Brick hammer
b. Concrete trowel
c. Plane
d. Float
51. A carpenter wants to smoothen
wood surfaces. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. File
b. Sand paper
c. Back saw
d. Plane
52. A carpenter wants to fasten and
remove nails. Which tool is appropriate?
a. Hammer
b. Ballpen hammer
c. Claw hammer
d. Sledge hammer
53. A carpenter wants to cut lumber
across the grain. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. crosscut saw
b. rip cut saw
c. back saw
d. hacksaw
54. A carpenter wants to obtain vertical
line. Which tool is appropriate?
a. Ruler
b. Level
c. Plum bob
d. Pull-push rule
55. A carpenter wants to mark
very rough objects. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Chalk line
b. Extension rule
c. Level
d. Border line
56. A carpenter wants to measure
long distances. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Ruler
b. Extension rule
c. Meter stick
d. Pull-push rule
57. A mason wants to mix concrete
for column and slab. Which mixture
is appropriate?
a. 1 : 2 : 4
b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5
d. 1 : 3 : 6
58. A mason wants to mix class B
mixture. Which mixture is correct?
a. 1 : 2 : 4
b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5
d. 1 : 3 : 6
59. A mason wants to mix concrete
for a slab in the ground. Which
mixture is appropriate?
a. 1 : 2 : 4
b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5
d. 1 : 3 : 6
60. A mason wants to mix concrete for
hollow block filler. Which mixture is
appropriate?
a. 1 : 2 : 4
b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5
d. 1 : 3 : 6
61. Which refers to the ease with
which the fresh concrete can be
molded without segregation?
a. Plasticity
b. Consistency
c. Mobility
d. Grout
62. Which refers to the degree of
wetness or slump of the concrete
mixture?
a. Plasticity
b. Consistency
c. Mobility
d. Grout
63. Which is an artificial stone that
results from mixing cement, sand,
gravel, and water?
a. Concrete
b. Grout
c. Mortar
d. Bricks
64. Which is an artificial stone that
results from mixing cement, sand,
and water?
a. Concrete
b. Grout
c. Mortar
d. Bricks
65. Which is an artificial stone that
results from mixing cement and
water?
a. Concrete
b. Grout
c. Mortar
d. Bricks
66. Which term refers to the
process of finishing using mortar?
a. Finishing
b. Fine finishing
c. Concreting
d. Plastering
67. A mason wants to lay ceramic
tiles. Where does he start?
a. Front
b. Left
c. Right
d. Center
68. A mason wants to lay concrete
hollow blocks. Where does he
start?
a. Front
b. Left
c. Right
d. Center
69. A mason wants to mix mortar for
plastering. What does he mix?
a. cement and water
b. cement and sand
c. sand and water
d. water and cement
70. A mason wants to lay concrete
hollow blocks into a 10 sq.m.
wall. How many CHB are needed?
a. 100 pcs.
b. 120 pcs.
c. 122.5 pcs.
d. 125 pcs.
71. A mason wants to lay 16" by
16" ceramic tiles in a 10 sq.m.
room. How many tiles are needed?
a. 60 pcs.
b. 61.5 pcs.
c. 62.5 pcs.
d. 63 pcs.
72. How many CHBs are installed
for a wall having a dimension of 2.5
m width and 4.0 m height?
a. 125 pcs.
b. 122.5 pcs.
c. 300 pcs.
d. 400 pcs.
73. How many 8" x 8" wall tiles are
needed in a wall 2.5 m width and 4.0 m
height?
a. 300 pcs.
b. 500 pcs.
c. 550 pcs.
d. 600 pcs.
74. A carpenter bought 10 pcs. of a 2" x
3" x 8' lumber. If the price of lumber is
₱50.00 per board foot, how much did
he pay?
a. ₱1,800
b. ₱1,900
c. ₱2,000
d. ₱2,100
75. A carpenter bought 10 pcs. of a 2" x
4" x 6' lumber. If the price of lumber is
P50.00 per board foot, how much did
he pay?
a. ₱1,800
b. ₱1,900
c. ₱2,000
d. ₱2,100
76. A carpenter bought 10 pcs. of a 2" x 6"
x 4' lumber. If the price of lumber is
P50.00 per board foot, how much did he
pay?
a. ₱1,800
b. ₱1,900
c. ₱2,000
d. ₱2,100
77. Which tile is appropriate in the
toilet and bathroom flooring?
a. Glaze tiles
b. Ceramic tiles
c. Non-skid granite tiles
d. Clay tiles
78. Bricks are laid where its longer side
is exposed to view. This arrangement is
called ________.
a. Header
b. Stretcher
c. Bond
d. Mortar
79. The most widely used masonry
materials for construction works
are?
a. Ashlar
b. Bricks
c. Rubble stones
d. Concrete hollow blocks
80. It is a masonry material
manufactured from clay and other
materials?
a. Stones
b. Stucco
c. Bricks
d. Concrete pavers
Finishing wood
-refers to the final step in any woodworking
project. More specifically, finishing means
applying one of many kinds of protective
coating, usually clear, generically called
"finish". ... Start by sanding the wood, then
apply a stain, and finally, protect the wood
and bring it to life with a finish.
Types of Woodworking Joints
Butt Joint
-One of the most simple joints, this is simply putting the
ends of two pieces together. It joins the end grain of one
piece to the long grain of another and the two pieces are
glued together. These joints typically only use glue to
hold the pieces together, so they are fairly weak and can
be broken just using your hands.
Biscuit Joint
-A reinforced version of the butt joint, this joint uses a “biscuit” to
connect the two pieces. A biscuit is an oval-shaped piece usually made
with compressed wood and is placed in corresponding mortises (the
hole cut out in the wood) in each piece of wood. Glue is then used to
secure the pieces.
Bridle Joint
-This joint is similar to a mortise and tenon, but with more open holes
in the wood. The end of one piece of wood is cut into a tenon shape
and the other piece of wood is cut into a mortise, so that the two pieces
that can be fitted together to form a corner. This joint can be used to
create legs or to help create frame pieces when it’s being shaped. This
is a strong joint with good durability. The T-bridle is a variation in
which one piece is connected to the middle of the second instead of the
end.
Dado
-Use this joint when you need to put up shelves. A slot is cut
into the surface of the wood — a dado is cut perpendicular to
the grain and a groove is put parallel to the grain. The slot can
either go through the entire surface of the piece of wood or
stop just before it goes through.
Dovetail Joint
-This joint is commonly used when putting together drawers
and entails each piece to have a series of pins and tails that
interlock together. The pins and tails have a trapezoid shape to
increase durability and strength. Glue the pieces together and
there’s no need for fasteners.
Finger Joint
-Similar to the dovetail joint, the finger joint also has a series of pins
along an edge that are interlocked together using glue. The difference is
that the finger joint pins are straight instead of angled. This joint isn’t
as strong as the dovetail, but it is fairly easy to make with a table saw,
wood router, or a jig.
Lap Wood Joint
-One of the more popular joints used in woodworking, the lap wood
joint combines two pieces of wood by cutting away half the thickness
of the pieces. This joint is typically used when the two pieces have the
same thickness. The portion of wood cut away will fit into the
corresponding cutout on the other piece.
Mortise and Tenon
-One of the strongest and another popular joint, the mortise and tenon is used
to attach two pieces of wood at a 90-degree angle. The mortise part of the
joint is a hole or cavity cut into one piece of wood. A tenon is the negative of
the mortise hole, protruding from the second piece of wood. The tenon is
typically around ⅓ the thickness of the piece of wood. Reinforce this joint
using glue and it will be strong and long-lasting.
Pocket Hole
-Rather than butting two pieces of wood together with glue, the pocket-hole
joint goes one step further. This is another popular and strong joint that uses a
pocket hole that is cut into one piece of wood with another pilot hole that
allows a screw to be driven into the adjoining piece of wood. Our Castle
pocket hole machine makes it easy to make a pocket joint. Our low-angle
pocket and pilot hole make the joint stronger and there’s less chance of the
pieces shifting.
Rabbet Joint
-The rabbet joint is simple and straightforward. A cut is
made into the end of a piece of wood to create a “step.”
This joint is in a variety of woodworking projects,
including cabinets or glass panes.
Tongue and Groove
-Commonly used in flooring, the tongue and groove joint
is similar to the bridle joint; instead, the grooves are cut
into the length of the board instead of the end. A
protruding groove on one piece fits into a crevice of
another, allowing the two pieces to fit together closely.
The Claw Hammer
Claw Hammer
-The claw on one side of the head should be well counterbalanced by the
finished head, which should be somewhat rounded. The other kind of
head is the waffle-head. Most commonly used in construction, it leaves
a distinctive waffle mark on the wood when you drive the nail. This, of
course, is not the proper nail for woodworking.
The Tape Measure
The next important hand tool for the woodworker is an accurate tape
measure. Get a retractable one that is at least 25 feet long. Any longer than
that, and you start having problems getting it to roll back up. Since
measurements on large scale projects can be very susceptible to even the
most minute measurement variations, you’ll want to make sure the “hook” or
tab at the end of the is firmly attached, with no give. When they get loose,
you’ll have as much as 1/8” variation in your measurements. This can add up
to some severe accuracy problems in the long run.
The Utility Knife
Utility Knife
-A good utility knife is another asset for the woodworker. There are
many different kinds, but the kind that uses disposable blades is the
most common. The blade retracts into the grip for safety. The
woodworker will use the utility knife when cleaning out mortise
joints or to scribe wood, as well as many other uses.
The Moisture Meter
-A quality wood moisture meter is vital to the long-term success of any
woodworking project you put together. Lumber mills try to dry their
batches of lumber according to the intended end product destination.
That is, if the wood is harvested in the wet Northeast, but is going to be
shipped to the arid Southwest, it will be dried more than wood kept in
the Northeast for use by woodworkers. The success of your
woodworking project, from wood flooring to kitchen cabinets to fine
furniture, depends on the correct moisture content levels of the woods
you use for your area of the country.
The Chisel
Chisel
-An assortment of chisels should be part of every workbench.
Chisels are not just for wood carvers. Any woodworker will need
chisels to clean out joints and saw cuts. Look for chisels made of
high-alloy carbon steel or chromium-vanadium alloyed steel.
Hardwood grips are best, especially if they have metal caps on
them. This will keep the end of the handle from becoming
malformed when you hammer on it.
The Level
-Every woodworker needs a couple of levels. You
probably won’t need one of the 6-foot levels used in
construction, but 48” is a good length for many of the
woodworking projects you’ll do. Usually, you’ll also need
an 8” level too, usually known as a torpedo level. You’ll
check the level and plum of your construction. Level
means horizontal, and plumb is vertical.
Screwdrivers
-are another must-have in the woodworker’s set of hand
tools. Not only will you need Phillips and slot, or flathead
screwdrivers, you’ll need star drivers and Torx drivers,
too. Quality construction is vital to a good set of
screwdrivers. So many of them are made out of soft
metal, and the first time you put any “oomph” behind
them, they strip out, becoming absolutely useless.
The Nail Set Nail Set
-The next hand tool every woodworker should have is a nail set. In
fact, you should have several sizes. They look like awls, and you
use them to drive nail heads into the wood so they are flush or right
below the surface. This allows you to fill the holes and prepare for
staining or painting. The nail setter will usually have either a
convex or concave surface to grip the nail better and keep it from
sliding off and marring the wood.
The Sliding Bevel
-If you’re going to be measuring a bunch of
angles, a sliding bevel, or T-Bevel, will be a
handy tool. This is adjustable, and you can lock it
at the angle you want to mark, making it much
more time-savvy to mark multiple angles.
The Layout Square
Layout Square
-A layout square, or combination square, comes in 6” and 12” sizes. Most
woodworkers use the 6” model, simply because it’s easiest to carry around.
Also, most of the stock you’ll use will be no bigger than 6” wide, so 12” is
overkill. The layout square is a triangle that you can use to mark square cuts
on stock. Once you measure the length of the cut, you line up the layout
square with the edge of the board. The short side will give you a straight,
square cut across the end grain. You can also measure off angles with the
layout square. This helps when you’re trying to measure for a bevel on a
table saw, or marking a cut for a miter saw.
TOOLS USED IN MASONRY
Trowels
-The uses of this triangular-shaped tool: to pick up mortar from a board; to place
and spread the mortar into a brick, or set of bricks; to secure a brick into the
mortar by tapping. Sizes vary and can reach up to 11 inches in length and 8 inches
in width. Masons prefer using short and wide trowels since they do not put
excessive stress on wrists.
Chisel
A chisel is used to cut bricks into specific sizes. Chisel width ranges from 2 1/2 to
4 1/2 inches.
Hammer
A masonry hammer has a square face on one end for breaking; it has a sharp edge
on the other for cutting. They are used to split hard bricks.
Jointer
A jointer is used to make mortar joints. There are three types of jointer
shapes: flat, pointed and rounded.
Squares
Squares are used when constructing and measuring right angles and for
corner layouts. They are usually made of metal for durability.
Mason’s Level
A mason’s level is used when establishing vertical or plumb lines and
horizontal or level lines. They are typically made of wood, metal, or a
combination of both. They come equipped with either single or double
vials.
Straightedge
Straightedges act as extensors to mason’s levels: they are used
when levels are shorter than the area that needs to be measured
or assessed. The middle section of the top of the straightedge
must be horizontally parallel to the bottom section. Widths of
these tools range from 1 1/8 to 1 1/2 inches; they can be as long
as 16 feet.
