Lecture 35 - Design of Two-Way Floor Slab System
Lecture 35 - Design of Two-Way Floor Slab System
Fast
Disadvantages
Low shear capacity
Fast
Disadvantages
Need more formwork for capital and panels
Comparison of One-way and Two-
way slab behavior Economic
Choices
Waffle Slab suitable span 30 to 48 ft with LL= 80
-150 psf
Advantages
Carries heavy loads
Fast
Disadvantages
Formwork with panels is expensive
Comparison of One-way and Two-
way slab behavior Economic
Choices
One-way Slab on beams suitable span 10 to 20 ft with
LL= 60-100 psf
Can be used for larger spans with relatively higher
relative low
Expensive formwork expected.
Comparison of One-way and
Two-way slab behavior
ws =load taken by short direction
wl = load taken by long direction
A = B
5ws A4 5wl B 4
384 EI 384 EI
ws B4
For B 2A ws 16wl
wl A4
Rule of Thumb: For B/A > 2,
design as one-way slab
Two-Way Slab Design
Static Equilibrium of Two-Way Slabs
l22
Total Moment in both beams M wl1 k - ft
8
Full load was transferred east-west by the planks and then was
transferred north-south by the beams;
The same is true for a two-way slab or any other floor system.
General Design Concepts
(1) Direct Design Method (DDM)
Limited to slab systems to uniformly distributed
loads and supported on equally spaced columns.
Method uses a set of coefficients to determine the
design moment at critical sections. Two-way slab
system that do not meet the limitations of the ACI
Code 13.6.1 must be analyzed more accurate
procedures
General Design Concepts
(2) Equivalent Frame Method (EFM)
A three dimensional building is divided into a
series of two-dimensional equivalent frames by
cutting the building along lines midway between
columns. The resulting frames are considered
separately in the longitudinal and transverse
directions of the building and treated floor by
floor.
Equivalent Frame Method (EFM)
f
ln 0.8 y
200,000
h
36 5 m 0.2
f
ln 0.8 y
200,000
h
36 9
1 3 1 12 in.
7 in.
3
I slab bh 20 ft
12 12 1 ft.
6860 in 4
b h Ai (in2) y i (in) y iAi (in3) I (in4) d (in) d2A (in4)
Flange 7 46 322 3.5 1127 1314.833 -4.69751 7105.442
Beam 15 16 240 14.5 3480 4500 6.302491 9533.135
ybar = 8.197509 in
I = 22453.41 in4
Example – calculations
Compute the coefficient for the long direction
EI beam 22453 in 4
long 4
EI slab 6860 in
3.27
Short side of the moment of inertia
1 3 1 12 in.
7 in.
3
I slab bh 24 ft
12 12 1 ft.
8232 in 4
Example – calculations
Compute the coefficient for short direction
EI beam 22453 in 4
short
EI slab 8232 in 4
2.73
The average m for an interior panel is
long short 3.27 2.73
avg
2 2
3.0
Example – calculations
Compute the coefficient
20 in. 1 ft.
24 ft. 2
llong 2 12 in.
1.22
lshort 20 in. 1 ft.
20 ft. 2
2 12 in.
Compute the thickness for m > 2
fy 12 in. 60000
ln 0.8 22.33 ft. 0.8
200000
1 ft. 200000
h
36 9 36 9 1.22
6.28 in. Use slab thickness, 6.5 in. or 7 in.
Example – calculations
Compute the moment of inertia and centroid for the
L-beam
I L-beam 15302 in 4
1 3 1 12 in.
7 in.
3
I slab bh 10 ft
12 12 1 ft.
3430 in 4
b h A i (in2) y i (in) y iA i (in3) I (in4) d (in) d2A (in4)
Flange 7 27 189 3.5 661.5 771.75 -5.36585 5441.761
Beam 15 12 180 14.5 2610 3375 5.634146 5713.849
ybar = 8.865854 in
I = 15302.36 in4
Example – calculations
Compute the m coefficient for long direction
EI L-beam 15302 in 4
long 4
EI slab 3430 in
4.46
Short side of the moment of inertia
1 3 1 12 in.
7 in.
3
I slab bh 12 ft
12 12 1 ft.
4116 in 4
Example – calculations
Compute the m coefficient for the short direction
EI L-beam 15302 in 4
short 4
EI slab 4116 in
3.72
Example – calculations
Compute the m coefficient for the edges and corner
fy 12 in. 60000
ln 0.8 22.67 ft. 0.8
200000 1 ft. 200000
h
36 9 36 9 1.22
6.37 in. Use slab thickness, 6.5 in. or 7 in.