LEADERSHIP

GROUP II
OBJECTIVES

 Define leadership.
 Explain the principles of leadership.
 Enumerate and discuss the quality of a good leader.
 Discuss virtues as foundation of leadership.
 Enumerate and discuss the types of leadership.
LEADERSHIP

Leadership is one of the highly regarded qualities of an individual to be successful

in life. Leading life positively in all aspects can influence others to follow his good
deeds and examples.

It is an important aspect of managing and leading effectively. Managers or leaders

must exercise all the functions of their role in order to combine material and human
resources to achieve objectives. The key in doing this is the existence of a clear role
and a degree of discretion or authority to support manager's action (Koontz and
Weinhrich 1990). They further noted that the essence of leadership is fellowship. In
other words, it is the willingness of people to follow him that makes a person a leader.
Moreover, people tend to follow those who they see as providing a means of achieving
their own desires, wants and needs.
DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP

Bass (1981) defined leadership as "influence", that is the art of influencing people so that they will strive
willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals. Ideally, people should be encouraged to
develop not only willingness to work with zeal and confidence. Zeal is ardor, earnestness and intensity in the
execution of work; confidence reflects experience and technical ability.
J. Oswald Sanders said It first: "The true measure of leadership is influence - Nothing more, nothing less". It is
about influencing In a worthwhile cause. It is not dependent on titles or positions. It is dependent on someone
catching a vision and mobilizing others to join him in its fulfillment. When this happens, leadership arises In its
purest form. It happens to every organization at one point or another, especially, when there's no system or plan. In
these times, there is no expectation of progress. Today, many regions of the world are crying for effective and true
leaders. The leader must earn the right of leadership and make others choose to follow him.
This means that leaders act to help a group attain objectives through maximum application of its capabilities.
They do not stand behind a group to push; they place themselves before the group as they facilitate progress and
inspire group to accomplish organizational goals. A good example is the orchestra leader whose function is to
produce coordinated sound and correct tempo through the Integrated effort of the musicians.
SOME PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP

The main objective of leadership is to develop teamwork in order to achieve a

common goal or purpose. This brings us to the real definition of leadership which is
the art of influencing man in a way that will win their obedience, confidence and
respect; and their loyal cooperation in achieving a common objective (San Juan,
1991).
Now let us shift our efforts to the study of the following principles and
leadership as cited by San Juan (1991):
1. Take a responsibility of your actions. A leader must take a responsibility for
both his actions and those of his subordinates.
Remember:
a. It is better to accept the blame rather than “pass the back”.
b. Understand just where your responsibility begins and where it ends.
c. Look for opportunities to help you do your job.
2. Know yourself and seek self-improvement. Apply your knowledge of human
behavior in an honest self-analysis to improve your attitude and to enhance your
understanding of others.
3. Set the example. Be a model and exemplary leader. Men learn most effectively
from what they see in their leader.
4. Seek responsibility and develop a sense of responsibility among your
subordinates. A true leader does not shirk responsibility; rather, he seeks it.
Likewise, he holds his Subordinates responsible for results, and not for methods and
procedures.
5. Insure that the job is understood, supervised, accomplished. Proper
understanding and supervision of a task help insure the accomplishment of anything
desired. For this end, instructions must be given in a specific, positive and clear
manner.
6. Know your men and look for their welfare. A leader’s understanding and
knowing His men has some advantages. He can readily predict and control his men’s
Behavior. Thus, a leader can feel the needs and desires of his men.
7. Keep your men informed. The Filipino soldier will work harder and will
cooperate more effectively if he understands why.
8. Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities. Assign objectives
that are possible of attainment, using your unit in accordance with it capabilities
helps insure its success.
9. Train your men as a team. A team fails or succeeds only if every member does
his share of the job. Teamwork is an essential cognomen of the military’s operation.
10. Make a sound and timely decision. The ability to make a rapid estimate of the
situation and arrive at a sound and timely decision is necessary in order to take
advantage of opportunities as they occur.
11. Know your job. Knowledge of your job helps you to make sure of yourself, and
commands the respect of your men.
Virtues as Foundation of Leadership

The following virtues are considered the foundations of leadership:

1) Prudence- the habit which enables man to direct his actions to human life’s goals of knowing the
right thing to do and applying it.
2) Justice- the habit of giving each one his/her due with constant and personal will; gives stability
which man/woman needs to work without fear and anxiety in the search of happiness.
3) Fortitude- the habit of overcoming the difficulties and pressures of life in the pursuit of good.
4) Temperance- the habit of bringing the desires and natural inclinations of man under the control of
right reason.
5) Industry- the habit of working hard and working perseveringly under pressure.
6) Loyalty- the habit of remaining true to your friends and to your principles (goals) inspite of difficulty.
7) Responsibility- the habit of being accountable for one’s actions, duties and obligations; readiness to answer
to the consequences of our actions.
8) Cheerfulness- the habit of being optimistic, positive, always seeing the bright side of things.
9) Generosity- the habit of sharing the good that one has with other people; thinking first of the people around
him and looking for ways he can help and serve them.
10) Magnanimity- the habit of nurturing noble ideals and ambitions of doing good; being concerned with doing
great deeds of service to others devoting his life to serve his country or to help people.
Leadership has a deep link and is a basis of work because by working, man contributes to the good of
others thus, improving himself as well, application of virtues is found above all in working and in relationships
with others. Thus, industry, loyalty, generosity, prudence, justice, etc. are exercised in and through our
profession.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LEADER

1. Integrity of character. The word is synonymous to honor. It is a fine sense of ethics, justice,
and righteousness with a readiness to apply it to one’s own conduct. It is the determination to
meet any obligation, however distasteful.
2. Willingness to accept responsibilities. Acceptance of responsibility signifies a desire to lead
and this desire is strengthened by increasing interest. Some great leaders had achieved success
after much effort. Their successes can be attributed To infinite patience, hard work, and a desire
for success that never recognized defeat.
In addition to these traits, let us consider three (3) other characteristics that are of lesser
importance, but nevertheless complementary. These are: a) Competence to employ superiority
over an enemy at all times. (b) making the best use of resources requires the highest type of
managerial and organization skills and finally, the ability to inspire subordinates will enable the
leader to spur his men to strive for the highest peak of performance. Such ability is essential to
dynamic leadership (San Juan, 1991).
QUALITIES OF A GOOD LEADER

Are leaders born? Yes, of course, they are… “I’ve yet to meet one that came into this world in
any other way!” the reply of author John C. Maxwell (2002). Indeed, all people are born and some
gifted with greater natural gifts than others, but the ability to lead is really a collection of skills and
nearly all of which can be learned and improved. And the process doesn’t take place overnight
because the leadership is developed daily, not in a day.
According to Zulueta et al (1999), the essence of leadership is followership. This means
influencing people to work willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals.
Willingness to work means working with zeal and confidence (Zulueta et al, 1999). Maxwell (2002)
further opines that what matters most is not whether one influences someone, but, how one will use
that influence.
But does the leader get to influence people? What are the traits of a good leader That would
inspire people to follow him? Joseph P. Leveriza (1990) and Zulueta et al (1999) shared the same
view that a good leader should have the following traits:
1. Knowledge– this refers to the acquired knowledge of the profession not only on the job, but also
a thorough knowledge on the capabilities and limitations of the subordinates;
2. Bearing- this is dignity in appearance and behavior to earn respect
3. Courage- ability to accept or meet challenges with calmness and fearlessness;
4. Endurance- mental and physical stamina to withstand pain and hardships and continue rigorously
in pursuing the goals and objectives of the organization;
5. Enthusiasm- this is the higher degree of interest and sensitivity in responding to the needs of the
organization;
6. Integrity- is good moral character and impeccable integrity;
7. Decisiveness – is the ability to decide promptly and correctly at the proper time and express them
clearly;
8. Dependability- is the ability to demonstrate a higher degree of initiative in the performance of his
duty even with or without supervision;
9. Initiative– is the ability to start or originate an idea, suggestion, proposal or concept leading to the
action when others are absent or passive;
10. Judgment- is the power of the mind to weigh various factors and arrive at a sound decision;
11. Justice- is the ability to render judgment to conform to the principles of reason, to stated laws,
policies and rules and to generally accepted standards of right and wrong; impartially in rendering
punishment and giving credit where credit is due;
12. Loyalty- is the sincerity and faithfulness to the ideals of the organization where he belongs;
13. Tact- is the ability to deal with others without giving offense;
14. Unselfishness – is the avoidance of providing for one’s own comfort or advantage at the expense
of others;
15. Force- is the ability to demonstrate efficacious power within the bounds of law to Compel
obedience among his subordinates;
16. Humility – is the state of being reasonably modest and not proud, assuming, arrogant nor
boastful;
17. Humor- is the mental disposition to appreciate amusing incidents of everyday lfe In a comical
way:
18. Sympathy- refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, especially in time
of sorrow or adversity;
19. Empathy- is the ability to wear someone else’s shoes; intellectual and emotional identification of
feelings, thought and attitudes with subordinates affected by pain or misfortune;
20. Wit- this refers to keen perception and appropriate expression of amusing words and ideas which
awaken amusement and pleasure.