Statistics and
Probability
Ms. Geremy A. Casindac
Mathematics Teacher
Andres Bonifacio High School –
Arellano University
What is
probability?
What is
statistics?
STATISTICS PROBABILITY
How old are the How many
people living in chances to get
Maybunga, Pasig heads when
City ? tossing a coin ?
PROBABILITY STATISTICS
How many chances
Does it rain often
are there to pick a
in Antipolo than in
king in a deck of
Quezon ?
cards ?
Statistics
is a branch of mathematics that deals
with the collection, analysis,
interpretation or explanation, and
presentation of data.
Probability
is a field of mathematics that deals
with chances/possibilities.
is simply how likely something is to
happen. [EXPERIMENT]
It describes chance outcomes.
STATISTICS
DATA
PROBABILITY
POSSIBILITIES
t i c s
How old are
t at i sthe people living in Antipolo?
S
What is the possibility of getting
ab i l ity in tossing a coin?
tails
Prob
ility of getting a jack in a deck of cards?
How many achances
b
b
Pro
Does teenage pregnancy increase t i c
thes rate this 2022 than 2021 ?
i s
Stat
TERMS AND DEFINITION
Experiment - is an activity in which the result
cannot be predicted with certainty. So, each repetition of
experiment is called trial.
Outcome - is a result of an experiment.
Event – is any collection of outcomes.
SIMPLE EVENTS
- Simple events can be defined as the single
single outcome
outcome of the
performed experiment or it is an event which cannot be
broken down any more.
COMPOUND EVENTS
combination ofoftwo
- Compound events is the combination twoor or
more thanthan
more
two simpleevent
two simple event. It can also be defined as an event that
contains more than one sample points in it.
Sample space - is allallthe possibleoutcomes
the possible outcomes of the
experiment.
Experiment in rolling a die:
Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Probability of an event
Where;
n(E) – number of outcomes of event
n(S) – number of all possible outcomes or the sample space
For example:
1. A coin is tossed, find:
a) Sample space
{ head, tail }
n(sample space) = 2
b) Probability of getting head
2. What is the probability of getting even numbers
in rolling a die?
Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
3. What is the probability of getting odd numbers
in rolling a die?
Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
4. What is the probability of getting 2 in rolling a
die?
Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
5. What is the probability of picking a black
card at random from a standard deck of cards
𝑛(𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠) 26 1
𝑃 ( 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 ) = ( )
𝑝 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 = or
𝑛(𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒) 52 2
Probability
distribution of
discrete and
continuous
random
variable
RANDOM VARIABLE
A random variable is a rule that assigns a numerical value to each
numerical value
outcome in a sample space. We generally denote the random variables
with capital letters such as X and Y.
In some experiments such as:
• Tossing a coin three times;
• Rolling a dice twice; and
• Drawing two balls in a box.
EXAMPLE 1:
suppose two coins are tossed and were going to determine the number of the heads will come out Let X be
the random variable that represent the number of heads that will occur. Find the values of random variable x.
{HH, HT, TH, TT}
POSSIBLE OUTCOMES VALUES OF RANDOM
VARIABLE (X)
H HH
H
HH 2
HT 1
T HT TH 1
TT 0
H TH
T
Therefore the values of random
variable x are {0,1,2,}
T TT x = {0,1,2,}
EXAMPLE 2:
suppose three coins are tossed and were going to determine the number of the tail will come out Let Y be
the random variable that represent the number of tails that will occur. Find the values of random variable Y.
{HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH,TTT}
H POSSIBLE OUTCOMES VALUES OF RANDOM
VARIABLE (Y)
H T
HHH 0
H H
HHT
HTH
1
1
T HTT 2
T THH 1
THT 2
H TTH 2
H T
TTT 3
T H
Therefore the values of random
T variable Y are {0,1,2,3}
Y = {0,1,2,3}
RANDOM VARIABLE
A random variable is a rule that assigns a numerical value to each
numerical value
outcome in a sample space. We generally denote the random variables
with capital letters such as X and Y.
Classify each random variable as Discrete or Continuous.
1. Score of a students in a quiz. Discrete
2. Time to finish running 100 m. Continuous
3. Amount of paint utilized in a
Continuous
building project.
4. The number of deaths per
Discrete
year attributed to lung cancer.
5. The speed of a car. Continuous
Probability distribution of random variable
STEPS IN GETTING THE PROBABILITY OF EACH VALUE OF
THE RANDOM VARIABLE
• DETERMINE THE SAMPLE SPACE. ASSIGN LETTERS THAT
WILL
REPRESENT EACH OUTCOME.
• COUNT THE NUMBER OF THE VALUE OF THE RANDOM
VARIABLE.
activity
THANK
YOU AND
GODBLESS
!!
