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Steering System Final

The document discusses different types of steering systems used in vehicles. It describes parallel steering where both front wheels turn at the same angle. Ackermann steering allows the inner wheel to turn at a greater angle than the outer wheel. Anti-Ackermann steering is the opposite, where the inner wheel turns at a smaller angle. The key components of a steering system are the steering wheel, column, rack and pinion gear, tie rods and steering knuckles. Camber, caster, toe and scrub radius are steering geometries that affect vehicle handling. Understeer occurs when the front wheels lose grip in turns while oversteer is when the rear wheels slip, causing the back end to slide out.

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05 namrata pawar
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387 views25 pages

Steering System Final

The document discusses different types of steering systems used in vehicles. It describes parallel steering where both front wheels turn at the same angle. Ackermann steering allows the inner wheel to turn at a greater angle than the outer wheel. Anti-Ackermann steering is the opposite, where the inner wheel turns at a smaller angle. The key components of a steering system are the steering wheel, column, rack and pinion gear, tie rods and steering knuckles. Camber, caster, toe and scrub radius are steering geometries that affect vehicle handling. Understeer occurs when the front wheels lose grip in turns while oversteer is when the rear wheels slip, causing the back end to slide out.

Uploaded by

05 namrata pawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEERING SYSTEM

 Steering is of components, linkages, etc. that allows a


vehicle to follow a desired direction.
 Steering system is the everything from the steering
wheel to the steering shaft, rack and pinion which
connects to the wheel of vehicle.
 The purpose of steering system is to allow the driver to
control the direction of vehicle.
 Now we’ll see the three types of steering.
PARALLEL STEERING SYSTEM
 In parallel steering the front wheels turns at an identical
angle while turning.
ACKERMANN STEERING SYSTEM
 When inner front wheel of vehicle turns with greater
angle than outer front wheel.
 In this system the steering wheel tends to come to its
original position after turning
Advantages
 In Ackermann steering has a simple geometry and is easy for
calculations.
 It avoids the tire slippage and helps in achieving pure rolling.
 It is easy to fabricate.
 We will be using Ackermann geometry in SUPRA

DISADVANTAGES
IT IS NOT ADJUSTABLE, SO THAT WHEN IT DOES WEAR AND
DEVELOP LASH, THE ONLY CURE IS REPLACEMENT.
ANTI-ACKERMANN STEERING
SYSTEM
 When inner wheel rotates less than that of outer wheel
while turning is called Anti Ackermann.
 It is advanced steering geometry mostly used in high
speeds F1 car.
Advantages
 Inner wheel will be having less steering angle than the
outer wheel but has more grip. It helps in keeping the inner
wheel on the ground at lower vertical loads.

Disadvantage
 It only helps in low speed situations where there is still a lot
of weight on inner wheels
Different mechanism in steering system:

 Rack and pinion


 Gear box mechanism
 Dual axis steering
 Power electronic steering
Rack and pinion:-
 Rack and pinion is a type of gear system. It’s main function
is to convert the rotational motion to one directional motion
(linear motion). Rotational motion given by driver to
steering wheel Linear motion given by rack and pinion to
the wheel
Gear box mechanism:-
 Gear box mechanism is as same as the rack and pinion
mechanism. It’s function is to convert the rotational
motion to linear motion.
Dual axis steering:-
 It is the steering system in which we can adjust the steering
wheel, axis according to the need of driver. It is applied in
high tech cars, car racing . Example:- Mercedes
Power electronic steering:-
 Electric power steering systems use electric motors to provide
the assistance instead of hydraulic systems. As with hydraulic
types, power to the actuator (motor, in this case) is controlled
by the rest of the power steering system
 STEERING COMPONENTS:

STEERING WHEEL
STEERING COLUMN/ROD
UNIVERSAL JOINT
INTERMEDIATE SHAFT
RACK AND PINION
TIE ROD
STEERING ARM
STEERING KNUCKLE
BALL JOINT
Steering wheel Steering column/Rod Universal joint

Intermediate shaft Rack and Pinion Tie rod


Steering arm

Steering knuckle

Ball joint
BASIC TERMINOLOGY

 Camber angle
 Caster angle
 Toe angle
 Scrub radius
 Under steer
 Over steer

 Camber Angle
When viewed from front of vehicle,
Camber is the angle between the vertical axis of a wheel and
the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from the front.
DEPENDING ON THE TILT/ANGLE, IT IS EITHER
CONSIDERED POSITIVE CAMBER OR NEGATIVE
CAMBER.
Positive Camber - The top of tires turns outwards.

Negative Camber - Top of tires are tilted inwards.


ADVANTAGES

  The benefit of this angle is for making turns around corners


because the wheels and tires are positioned better for this purpose.

 DISADVANTAGE
Inappropriate camber for the vehicle and its use can result in
excessive tire wear, poor stability, or other handling issues.

 Caster Angle
When viewed from side of vehicle,
Caster is the angular displacement of the steering axis from
the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car.
The angle between the steering axis and the vertical axis of
wheel is called caster or caster angle.

There are two types of Caster angle:


 POSITIVE CASTER ANGLE
If the line slopes towards the rear(back) of the vehicle, then you
have positive caster.
Positive caster will make the vehicle more stable at high speed.
 NEGATIVE CASTER ANGLE

If the line slopes towards the front of the vehicle, then you have
negative caster.
Negative caster will allow you to steer less around turns, but
may cause you to drift if you are driving straight forward.
Advantage
It provides straight line steering stability.
Disadvantage
Disadvantage of negative caster is that it will increase under
braking conditions making the steering more unstable due to the
car pitching forward.
The only disadvantage to positive caster is that it increases the
effort it takes to steer your vehicle
 TOE ANGLE
When viewed from top of vehicle,
The toe angle is the direction the tires are pointed, in relation to the vehicle
centerline, viewed from above.
The purpose of toe is to ensure that all four wheels roll parallel to one another.

Type of toe angle


Toe IN
Also known as positive toe refers to front wheels tilting towards the center line of the
vehicle.
 Toe OUT
Also known as negative toe, where the wheels tilt outwards from the vehicles
centerline.
 
Race cars use toe out to promote enhanced turning ability .
Advantage
Increased toe-in will typically result in reduced oversteer, help steady the car and enhance
high-speed stability.
Increased toe-out will typically result in reduced understeer, helping free up the car,
especially during initial turn-in while entering a corner.
Disadvantage
 
Improper toe angles can make the car less responsive and can increase
 
the chance for an accident.
SCRUB RADIUS
 

The scrub radius is the distance from the centre of the contact
patch to the point at which the steering axis intersects the
ground in the front view.
ADVANTAGE
 
Keeps an RWD vehicle straight when there’s
friction between the tire and road.
 
DISADVANTAGE
The tire does not turn on its centerline.
UNDERSTEER

It is the condition occurs in front wheel driven cars. It occurs


due to loss of front tire grip, which results in slipping of front
wheel, causing Understeer condition.
 
While turning in FWD car, if we apply hard breaks or
approaches with high speed, the front wheel losses the grip
with road while corning, and tends to move in same direction
due to momentum, thus it causes understeer condition.
 
To overcome this condition we need to reduce the steering
angle slowly, slowdown speed, remove applied breaks slowly.
 
OVERSTEER

Oversteer condition occurs in Rear wheel driven car. It occurs due to loss of grip
in between road and tires, which cause drifting of vehicle.
 
While turning in such vehicle, if high speed is their, or sudden break are applied,
the rear part of vehicle tends to overtake front part of vehicle while cornering,
due to momentum rear wheels slip, drift; thus oversteer occurs.

To overcome this condition we need to reduce the steering angle slowly,


slowdown speed, remove applied breaks slowly.
 
If this conditions occurs again and again then we need to adjust the pressure,
camber, caster, toe angle, centre of gravity.
Thank you!!

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