Pipes

Problems
Prof. Salvador Vargas-Díaz
How much head loss will be produced by sending 0.5 m3/min of water a
distance of 2000 m using commercial steel pipes of diameter 50 mm? The
water temperature is assumed to be 20oC.

1 2
Datos
pump
hL = ??
Q = 0.0083 m3/s
Agua 0.00833 𝑚3
L = 2000 m 4( )
𝑄 4𝑄 𝑠
Acero comercial, ε =0.09 mm 𝑉= = = =4. 5 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝐴 𝜋 𝐷2 𝜋 ( 0.05 𝑚)
2
D = 0. 05 m
Viscosidad Dinámica = 1.0016 x 10-3 kg/m-s 2
Densidad = 998.2 kg/m^3 𝐿 𝑉
h =𝑓
𝐿
𝐷 2𝑔
𝑚3
1000 𝑚 / 𝑠 (4.5 )(0.05 𝑚)
𝜌 𝑉𝐷 𝑠 5
𝑅𝑒= = −3
=2.2 𝑥 10
𝜇 1. 0016 𝑥 10 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠
turbulento
 Haaland Eq.

[ ]
Rugosidad Relativa

( )
1.11
1 6.9 𝜖 /𝐷
= − 1.8 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝜀 0.0 9 𝑚𝑚
= =0.00 18
√𝑓 𝑅𝑒 3.7 𝐷 50 𝑚𝑚

f = 0.0236, ecuación
𝑅𝑒=2.2 𝑥 105
f =0.023 , Moody

𝐿 𝑉2 ( )
2
𝑚
4.41
h 𝐿= 𝑓 2000 𝑚 𝑠
𝐷 2𝑔 h 𝐿 =( 0.0 207) =820.74 𝑚
0.05 𝑚
2 ( 9.81𝑠 2𝑚 )
∆ 𝑃 =𝜌 𝑔h𝐿=8.1 𝑥 10 6 𝑃𝑎
𝑃 1 𝑉 21 𝑃 2 𝑉 22
+ + 𝑧 1 + 𝐻 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + + 𝑧 2 + 𝐻 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 +h 𝐿
𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔
= 67.1 kW

1𝐻𝑃 =747.5 𝑊
 2
500 𝑚 (1𝑚 /𝑠)
h 𝐿 =0.0256 =80 𝑚
0.08 𝑚 2 𝑔

√𝑓
1
(
=1.14 −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.002+
21.25
25869.08 )
1
=1.14 −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 0.002+8.21 𝑥 10 )
−4

Factor de fricción = 0.0256

√𝑓
1
=1.14 −2 log ⁡(0.002821)
√𝑓
𝑚
(𝑉 )(0.08 𝑚)
𝑉𝐷 𝑠 V = 1 m/s
𝑅𝑒= = =80000
𝜈 −6 2
1 𝑥 10 𝑚 / 𝑠
 1
=1.14 −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 8.21 𝑥 10 )
−4

√𝑓
1
=1.14 −2(− 3.085) 0.08 m = 1 m/s
√𝑓
1
=1.14+6.171 2𝑚
2

√𝑓 500 𝑚
1 2
𝑠
.311 h 𝐿 =( 0.0 187) =5.95 𝑚
0.08 𝑚 ( 2 𝑔 )

1 Tubería totalmente lisa

√𝑓= =0.1 368
7.311

f = 0.0187
1
√𝑓
=1.14 −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔
21.25
(
25869.08 )
f = 0.0187
 𝑚2 2 1 HP = 745.7 watts
1
500 𝑚 𝑠2
h 𝐿 =0.0187 =5.96 𝑚 Tubería rugossa
0.08 𝑚 (2 𝑔) Bomba de 0.54 HP…..3/4 HP

Potencia de una bomba

𝑤=𝜌
˙ 𝑔𝑄h 𝐿 Tubería lisa
Bomba de 0.39 Hp…..1/2 HP

Tubería rugosa

𝑤=1000
˙
𝑘𝑔
𝑚
3
( 9.81 )
𝑚
𝑠
2
( 1 )
𝑚 𝜋
𝑠 4( )
( 0.08 ) 2
𝑚2
( 8.19𝑚 )=403.85 𝑊

𝑤=1000
˙
𝑘𝑔
𝑚
3
( 9.81 )
𝑚
𝑠
2
( 1 )
𝑚 𝜋
𝑠 4( )
( 0.08 ) 2
𝑚
2
(5.96 𝑚 )=293.89 𝑊
 1 𝑉2
h 𝐿 /𝐿= 𝑓
𝐷 2𝑔
Rugosidad relativa=

turbulento
f = 0.024 (Moody diagram)
Densidad relativa(RG)/Specific Gravity (SG)
𝜌𝑓
[ ( ) ]
1.11
𝜌𝑠 = 1 6.9 𝜖 /𝐷
=−1.8 𝑙𝑜𝑔 +
𝜌 𝐻 2𝑂 √𝑓 𝑅𝑒 3.7
𝜌 𝑓 =850 𝑘𝑔/ 𝑚3
f = 0.024988 (Haaland)
−3 3
𝑄 20 𝑥 10 𝑚 / 𝑠
𝑉= = =2.55𝑚 / 𝑠
𝐴 𝜋 /4 (0.1 𝑚)
2
h𝐿 1 𝑉
2
1
=𝑓 =0.025 ¿¿
𝐿 𝐷 2𝑔 0.1 𝑚
 2
What is the necessary shaft 1 HP = 747.5 W

2m
horsepower to send 1

.4
m3/min of water through a

41
=1
conduit 100 mm in diameter

L3
as shown in Figure bellow?
Assume pump efficiency of
80%, loss coefficient of sluice 1 𝐿𝑇 =171.42𝑚
valve k = 0.175, of 90 degrees
𝑄 4𝑄
elbow k = 1.265, of 45 𝑉= = =2.12 𝑚/ 𝑠
degrees elbow k = 0.320, and 𝐴 𝜋 𝐷2
pipe frictional coefficient f = 𝐿 𝑉2
0.026. h 𝐿, 𝑓 = 𝑓 =10.21 m
𝐷 2𝑔

Datos
Q = 1 m3/min = 0.0167 m3/s
D = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Eficiencia bomba 80%
H = 110 m + 10.61 m = 120.61 m
f = 0.026
L = 171.42 m
Densidad = 1000 kg/m3
 (171.42) (2.12)2
h 𝐿, 𝑓 =0.026 =10.21 m
0.1 2(9.81)
2
𝑉 2
(2.12 𝑚/𝑠)
h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =∑ 𝑘 =(0.175+1.265 +0.320)
2𝑔 2(9.81 𝑚/ 𝑠2)
h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =0.4 𝑚 h 𝐿 =h 𝐿 , 𝑓 +h𝐿 , 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =10.61 𝑚

𝑃 1 𝑉 21 𝑃 2 𝑉 22
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻 𝑝 = + + 𝑧 2+ h 𝐿
𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔

𝐻 𝑝 =𝑧 2 − 𝑧 1+ h 𝐿=110𝑚+10.61 𝑚=120.61𝑚

˙
𝑃=𝜌 𝑔𝑄 𝐻 𝑝 =(1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(9.81𝑚 /𝑠 2)(0.0167 𝑚3 / 𝑠)(120.61𝑚)
𝑃˙ 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 19759.17
˙ ˙ 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
𝑃 = =24699𝑊
𝑃=19,759.17 𝑊 𝜂 0.8

𝑃˙ 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 =33 𝐻𝑃
A 4-cm-diameter cast iron pipe connects two reservoirs with the surface of
one reservoir 10 m below the surface of the other. There are two standard
screwed elbows and one wide-open angle valve in the 50-m-long pipe.
Assuming a square-edged entrance, estimate the flow rate between the
reservoirs. Assume a temperature of 20oC.

Kv = 5
𝑝 1 𝑉 12 𝑝 2 𝑉 22
+ +𝑧 1= + +𝑧 2 +h 𝐿, 𝑓 + 𝑓 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐
Kc = 1.1 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔
∆ 𝑧=h 𝐿
ε = 0.26 mm
𝜀
=0.0065 𝐿 𝑉2
𝐷 h 𝐿, 𝑓 = 𝑓
2 𝐷 2𝑔
Q=? 𝑉2
1
10 m
h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐=∑ 𝑘
K = 0.5 2𝑔
50 m
D = 4 cm 𝐿 𝑉2 𝑉2
Cast iron ∆ 𝑧= 𝑓 +∑ 𝑘
𝐷 2𝑔 2𝑔
 ∆ 𝑧= 𝑓
𝐿 𝑉2
𝐷 2𝑔
𝑉2 𝐿
+∑ 𝑘 = 𝑓 +∑ 𝑘
2𝑔 𝐷
𝑉2
2𝑔 ( )
f = 0.035, valor de inicio

√ { [ ( ) ]}
2𝑔 ∆ 𝑧 2 1.11
−2
𝑉= 𝜋𝐷 𝜌𝑉𝐷 𝑓 = − 1.8 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6.9 + 𝜖 / 𝐷
𝐿 𝑄=𝑉 𝑅𝑒=
𝑓 +∑ 𝑘 4 𝑅𝑒 3.7
𝐷 𝜇

V (m/s) Q(m3/s) Re f % de error

de Q

Parar las iteraciones, cuando el % de error

entre caudales (Q) sea menor a 0.1%

Resultado: 0.0025 m^3/s

 { [ ( ) ]}
−2
1.11
6.9 𝜖 / 𝐷
𝑓 = − 1.8 𝑙𝑜𝑔 +
𝑅𝑒 3.7 𝜇=0.001003 𝑘𝑔 /𝑚𝑠

f = 0.035, valor de inicio

√ 196.2
{ [ ]}
−2
6.9
𝑉= 𝑅𝑒=39880.4 𝑉 𝑓 = − 1.8 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑅𝑒
+0.0008742
1250 𝑓 +7.7
𝑄=0.001266 𝑉
 𝑄2
𝑉 2=
𝐴2

𝑝 1 𝑉 12 𝑝2 𝑉 22
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻 𝑝 = + + 𝑧 2+ 𝐻 𝑇 +h 𝐿 , 𝑓 +h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐
𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔

𝐻 𝑝 =𝑧 2 − 𝑧 1+h 𝐿, 𝑓
80-7000Q2
 80-7000Q2 𝐴2=
𝜋2 4
𝐷
16

80-7000Q2

Datos
80- f1 = 0.025

√
D1 = 30 cm
30 L1 = 50 m
𝑄=
𝐿1 16 𝐿2 16 f2 = 0.020
(7000+ 𝑓 1 5 2
+𝑓2 5 2
) L2 = 900 m
𝐷1 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷 2 2𝑔 𝜋
D2 = 20 cm
Q = 0.050 m3/s
 𝐻 𝑝 =𝑧 2 − 𝑧 1+h 𝐿, 𝑓 Datos
f1 = 0.025
𝐿1 16 𝐿2 16 2
D1 = 30 cm
𝐻 𝑝 =50+( 𝑓 1 + 𝑓 2 )𝑄 L1 = 50 m
𝐷 15 2 𝑔 𝜋 2 𝐷 25 2 𝑔 𝜋 2
f2 = 0.020
Q = 0.050 m3/s L2 = 900 m
D2 = 20 cm
Hp = 61.72 m

𝐻 𝑝 =80 − 7000 𝑄2=62.5 𝑚3 / 𝑠

Potencia =

˙
𝑃=40.6 𝐻𝑃
 m

K=1
K = 0.75

K = 0.5
 Q = 20 L/s = 0.02 m3/s
m

𝐿1 16 16 𝐿2 16 16 2
𝐻 𝑝 =15+( 𝑓 1 5 2
+(0.5+ 0.75) 2 4
+ 𝑓 2 5 2
+(1) 2 4
)𝑄
𝐷1 2𝑔 𝜋 2 𝑔 𝜋 𝐷1 𝐷2 2𝑔 𝜋 2 𝑔 𝜋 𝐷2

0.8 𝐿1
𝐿2 1
𝐻 𝑝 =15+( 𝑓 1 5
+ 4+𝑓2 5
+ 4 )¿
𝐷1 𝐷1 𝐷2 𝐷2

Hp = 23.355 m

Potencia =
 D1 = 15 cm
P2 Q = 0.02 m3/s
V = Q/A
K = 0.75
f1 = 0.02

K = 0.5

𝑝 1 𝑉 12 𝑝2 𝑉 22
+ +𝑧 1 +𝐻 𝑝 = + + 𝑧 2+𝐻 𝑇 +h 𝐿 , 𝑓 + h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐
𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔
𝑝1 𝑝 2 𝑉 22
+𝑧 1= + +𝑧 2+ h𝐿 , 𝑓 +h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 P1/g = 10 m
𝜌𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔
 𝐿1 16 2
h 𝐿, 𝑓 = 𝑓 1 5 2
𝑄 =0.174 m
𝐷1 2𝑔 𝜋

16 2
h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =(𝑘 ¿ ¿ 1+𝑘2) 2 4
𝑄 =0.0816 𝑚¿
2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷1

𝑉 22 16 𝑄 2 V = Q/A
= =0.65 𝑚
2𝑔 2
2 𝑔 𝜋 𝐷1 4

P1/g = 10 m
𝑧 1 − 𝑧 2=−5 𝑚

𝑝1 𝑉 22
𝑝 2=( − +𝑧 1 − 𝑧 2 − h𝐿 , 𝑓 − h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 )𝜌 𝑔
𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔

P2(abs) = 40166.06 Pa
Pv = 2.3388 kPa
= 40.166 kPa
 Datos
Tubería A
LA = 150 m
DA = 15 cm
Tubería B
LB = 100 m
DB = 12 cm
fA = fB = 0.018
Válvula
K=?
QA2= QB
𝑉 16 𝑄2
h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =𝑘 =𝑘
2
2𝑔 2 𝑔 𝜋 2 𝐷4
1
Q1 = Q T Q2 = Q T
𝐿1 16 2
h 𝐿, 𝑓 = 𝑓 1 5 2
𝑄
𝐷1 2𝑔 𝜋

𝑝 1 𝑉 12 𝑝2 𝑉 22
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻 𝑝 = + + 𝑧 2+𝐻 𝑇 +h 𝐿 , 𝑓 + h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌 𝑔 2𝑔
 Datos
h 𝐿, 𝑓 , 𝐴 +h 𝐿 ,𝑎𝑐𝑐 , 𝐴=h 𝐿, 𝑓 , 𝐵 +h𝐿 ,𝑎𝑐𝑐 , 𝐵 Tubería A
LA = 150 m
𝐿𝐴 2
𝐿𝐵 16 DA = 15 cm
16 2 16𝑄 𝐴 2
𝑓𝐴 𝑄 𝐴 +k = 𝑓 𝐵 𝑄 𝐵 Tubería B
𝐷 𝐴5 2 𝑔 𝜋 2 2𝑔 𝜋 2 𝐷 𝐴4 𝐷 𝐵5 2𝑔 𝜋 2 LB = 100 m
𝐿𝐴 16 2 16𝑄 𝐴2 𝐿𝐵 16 2
DB = 12 cm
𝑓𝐴 5 2
𝑄 𝐴 +k 2 4
= 𝑓 𝐵 5 2
𝑄 𝐴 fA = fB = 0.018
𝐷 𝐴 2𝑔 𝜋 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷 𝐴 𝐷 𝐵 2𝑔 𝜋
Válvula
K=?
𝐿𝐴 16 16 𝐿𝐵 16 QA = QB
𝑓𝐴 5 2
+k 2 4
=𝑓 𝐵 5 2
𝐷 𝐴 2𝑔 𝜋 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷 𝐴 𝐷 𝐵 2𝑔 𝜋
QT = QA + QB = 2QA= 2QB
𝐿𝐵
16 𝐿 𝐴 16 2 4
[( 𝑓 𝐵5 2
− 𝑓 𝐴 5 2
)](2 𝑔 𝜋 𝐷 𝐴 )
𝐷 𝐵 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷 𝐴 2𝑔 𝜋
k=
16
𝐿𝐵 𝐿𝐴 4
k=𝑓 𝐴( − )(𝐷 𝐴 )
5
𝐷𝐵 𝐷𝐴
5 K = 18.62
 Q = 1 m^3/s

2
16 𝑄 2 16 ( 0.5 )
h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =𝑘 2 4
=( 18.62 ) 2 4
=759.76 𝑚
2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷 2 ( 9.81 ) 𝜋 ( 0.15 )

˙
𝑃=𝜌 𝑔𝑄 h 𝐿, 𝑎𝑐𝑐 =3726618.15𝑊 ≈ 4985 𝐻𝑃
QT = 0.3 m3/s 1
QT = 0.3 m3/s
A
2 B
3
QT = 0.3 m3/s 1
QT = 0.3 m3/s
A
2 B
3

h 𝐿, 𝑓 ,1=h𝐿 , 𝑓 , 2=h 𝐿 , 𝑓 ,3
Q T = Q 1 + Q2 + Q3

𝐿116 2 𝐿2 16 2 𝐿3 16 2
𝑓1 5 2
𝑄 1 = 𝑓 2 5 2
𝑄 2 = 𝑓 3 5 2
𝑄 3
𝐷1 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷2 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷3 2𝑔 𝜋

√
𝐿1
16 2 𝐿2 16 2
𝑓1 5 𝑄 1 = 𝑓 2 𝑄 2 𝐿1
𝐷 1 2 𝑔 𝜋2 𝐷 25 2 𝑔 𝜋 2 𝑓1
𝐷1
5
𝑄2 =𝑄1
𝐿2
𝑓 2 5
𝐷2
 √
𝐿1 16 2 𝐿3 16 2 𝑓1
𝐿1
𝑓1 5 2
𝑄 1 = 𝑓 3 5 2
𝑄 3 𝐷 15
𝐷1 2𝑔 𝜋 𝐷3 2𝑔 𝜋 𝑄3 =𝑄1
𝐿3
𝑓3
𝐷 35

√
𝐿1
QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 𝑓1 5
𝐷1
𝑄2 =𝑄1
𝐿2
𝑓 2 5
𝐷2

𝑄𝑇

√ √
𝑄1=
𝐿1 𝐿1
𝑓1 5
𝑓1 5
𝐷1 𝐷1
1+ +
𝐿2 𝐿3
𝑓2 5
𝑓3
𝐷2 𝐷 35
 𝐿1 1000 −4
𝑚1= 𝑓 1 5
=0.02 5
=62500 𝑚
𝐷1 0.2
𝐿2 1200 −4
𝑚2= 𝑓 2 5
=0.015 5
=7407.41 𝑚
𝐷2 0.3 QT = 0.3 m^3/s

𝐿3 800 −4
𝑚3 = 𝑓 3 5
=0.02 5
=210699.58 𝑚
𝐷3 0.15

𝑄𝑇
𝑄1= =0.06743 𝑚3 / 𝑠
1+
√ √𝑚1
𝑚2
+
𝑚1
𝑚3
 𝐿1 1000 −4
𝑚1= 𝑓 1 5
=0.02 5
=62500 𝑚
𝐷1 0.2
𝑄1= 0.06743 𝑚3 / 𝑠
𝐿2 1200 −4
𝑚2= 𝑓 2 5
=0.015 5
=7407.41 𝑚
𝐷2 0.3

𝐿3 800 −4
𝑚3 = 𝑓 3 5
=0.02 5
=210699.58 𝑚
𝐷3 0.15

𝑄2 =𝑄1
√
𝑚1
𝑚2
3
=0.19 586 𝑚 /𝑠 𝑄3 =𝑄1
𝑚1
𝑚3 √
=0. 03672 𝑚3 / 𝑠

QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 0.3000 m^3/s
𝐿2 16 2
h 𝐿, 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑓 2 5 2
𝑄 2 =23.5125 𝑚
𝐷2 2𝑔 𝜋
 Problema TALLER, enviar al correo: [email protected]

Hallar el caudal en cada una de las tuberías de acuerdo con los siguientes datos:

1 Q
Q B
A 2