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29 views18 pages

Work

Uploaded by

mkanwars
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work

Work Done?

W=F∆s
F

∆s
Work Done
 Work is a transfer of energy
 Work is done when a force acts on an
object causing the object to move in the
direction of force

W=F∆s
 Unit is Nm or Joule, J
Examples:
1.A lorry moves with a force 3,500 N for a
distance of 2.5 km. Calculate the work
done.
2.A car moves with a constant force 2.7
kN produced by its engine. Calculate the
work done if it moves at a distance of 20
km.
Types of energy
 Potential energy
 Kinetic energy
 Storing energy (in elastic springs)
 Chemical energy (potential energy)
 Heat
 Light energy
 Sound energy
 Electrical energy
Types of Energy

 Potential energy:
- Energy due to the position of an object eg.:
(1) Gravitational potential energy
E = Wh
E = mgh

(2) Elastic energy:


E = ½ kx2 where k is elastic constant
and x is extension
 Kinetic energy:
- energy due to movement of an object
E = ½ mv2

 Heat:
- energy due to hotness or coldness of an
object
E = mcӨ
where m is its mass,
c is specfic heat capacity
Ө is a change in temperature
Conservation of energy
 The total energy in a closed
system is constant, eg.
1. In a collision:
Total energy before collision = total energy
after collision
2. Object falling from a cliff of height h.
3. Oscillation of a pendulum
u1 Collision
u2

m1 m2 m1 m2

Before collision Collision


v1
v2

m1 m2

After collision
Ideally:
1
2 m1u1  21 m2u2  21 m1v1  21 m2 v 2
But in reality:

1
2 m1u1  m2u2  m1v1  m2 v 2  Q
1
2
1
2
1
2

where Q is the energy lost from


the system
Exchange of energy

u=0
W

g =9.8 m s-2

h
Potential Energy = Kinetic Energy
Wh = ½ mv2
∴ mgh = ½ mv2
v
Pendulum

mgh  mv
1
2
2

v h

v
Work exercise:
1. A pair of skaters, a man of mass 65 kg and
a woman of mass 50 kg are moving
together by holding hands at a velocity of
6.0 m s-1. They got separated when the
man pushes the woman in the same
direction. If the velocity of the man is 4.0 m
s-1, calculate
(a) the velocity of the woman
(b) the total energy when they are together
(c) the total energy after they got separated
Explain the difference in the total energy
before and after their separation.
2. A brick of mass 0.8 kg is thrown downwards
from a hill at a height of 7 m. Calculate the
final velocity, just before touching the ground.
3. A bullet of mass 20g was shot from a gun at a
velocity of 400 m s-1 and penetrate a wooden
wall at a distance of 15 cm. Calculate the
force of the bullet penetrating the wood.
4. A stone of mass 25 g was projected from a
rubber string catapult at a velocity of 2.0 m s-1.
If the total elastic constant k of the string is 1.5
N m-1, calculate the extension of the rubber
string.
Power
 The rate of doing work
work done
Power 
time
E
P
t

 It is about how fast a work is done


 Work can be done faster by a high power
machine
 Unit is J s-1 or Watt, W
Power
 What is the difference between a 40 W
bulb and a 100 W bulb?
 An air conditioner has a power of 4
horsepower (hp). Is it better compared to
a 1 hp air conditioner?
 The power of a car engine is in terms of
cubic centimeter or c.c. What does c.c.
means?
Power and velocity

W
P
t
F. s s
 since v
t t

 P  Fv
1. Calculate the power of a car when the
constant force of its engine 2.5 x 103 move
the car a constant velocity of 25 m s-1.
2. A crane raise a crate of mass 1 tonne from
the ground to a fifth floor building of height 15
m. If time taken is 25 s, calculate power of
the crane.
3. A train moves with a constant velocity of 50
m s-1. If the power of the train is 3.5 x 105
Watt, calculate the force of the engine.

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