Satellite Communication
Presented By
ADNAN FAISAL
SENIOR ENGINEER
Satellite Communication
In May 1945 Arther C. Clarke wrote an Article in
British Magazine “Wireless World” giving the idea
of Geostationary Satellite. The orbit is known with
his name as Clark Belt. The Kepler’s Law states that
1. The Orbital Plane of any Earth Satellite must
bisect the Earth centrally.
2. The earth must be at the centre of any orbit
Satellite Communication
Types of Different orbits
LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)0-2000KM
MEO(MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)2000-35787KM
GEO(GEOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT)
35,786KM.
It is locate at zero degree latitude over
Equator.Speed is 3.07km/s and 1.91 mi/s.
Satellite Communication
Satellite Foot Print is defined as the area on the
Earth that its Transponders delivers or offer
services.It also determined the Satellite Dish
Diameter required to receive the signal from
satellite.This strength is s
hown in dBW.
The foot print provides the picture or snapshot of
sigmal level received at a location with respect to
EIRP Effective Isotopic Radiated power.
Why Satellite Communication ?
Communication over a longer distance
Increased flexibility than other systems
Cost is insensitive to distance
More reliability
Price is becoming more affordable
every year
Satellite Communication
13 m Antenna 2A at E/S 62 DEG E Dehmandro for VSAT Hub
High Power Amplifier (HPA)
- 1+1 SSPA 300W
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)
- 2+1 NEC LNA
Antenna Subsystem
- NEC ACU (Antenna Control Unit)
- NEC Beacon receiver
INTELSAT ???
INternational TELecom SATellite Organization
Commercial global satellite system
Owned & operated by more than 100 nations
Provides modern, high quality services to its
members
Uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
Uses QPSK (Quadri Phase Shift Keying)
INTELSAT Family
Intermediate Data Rate(IDR) digital service is provided in
intelsat on FDMA Basis.The carriers is using coherent QPSK
Modulation operating at information rate 64Kbits/s to
44Mbits/s.The information is defined as any information
entering in the channel box prior to any overhead and FEC
Correction
Types of Earth Station Antennas
Standard A Earth Station Antenna
Standard B Earth Station Antenna
Transportable Earth Station Antenna
Small Earth Station Antenna
Ship Earth Station Antenna
Communication by Satellite Relay
Communications Intersatellite link Communications
Satellite 1 Satellite 2
Earth
Earth terminal
terminal
Relay to
2nd satellite
Analog and Analog and
Digital lines Digital lines
Geostationary Orbit
Also known as “Geosynchronous Orbit”
Stationary w.r.t. a particular point on earth
Height is almost 35,786 km
Covers approximately one third of earth
Orbital period is 24 hours, thus no need of
tracking the equipment
Round trip delay is 600 msec (can be eliminated
by “Echo Cancelers”)
Increased Capacity Requirements
Reuse of the available frequency spectrum
Reduce antenna beam’s size
Orthogonal polarization
Digital modulation techniques
Multiplexing methods
QPSK
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
FDMA Transmit Earth Station
fc- f
PCM QPSK Towards
Voice BPF
conv mod Satellite
Voice PCM
conv
QPSK fc
mod
BPF Σ IF
X
Power
Amp
Voice PCM QPSK RF
BPF
conv mod Oscil
fc+ f
TDMA Transmit Receive Earth Station
C
S U/C 1 O
Voice W M
I B HPA
INPUT QPSK T I
Data mod C N
U/C 8 E
TDMA H
Cont-
roller S
D/C 1
SR
P
L
(To/From
Satellite
W I
QPSK I
Voice demod
T
OUT T T LNA
C E
D/C 8 R
H
STANDARD ‘A’ EARTH STATION
Antenna 2A, 13 meter Dia, on foot print of INTELSAT 62 Deg.
EAST (used for VSAT)
1+1 300 W SSPA
1+1 50W SSPA(OFF)
1+1 3KW TWT(HPA)(OBSOLETE)
2+1 LNA
Antenna 3A, 18 meter Dia, on foot print of INTELSAT 60 Deg.
EAST(international traffic)
4 x 3 KW TWT HPA(one faulty)
5 x 3 KW KLYSTERON HPA(0bsolete)
1+1 800 W SSPA(power supply faulty)
2+1 LNA
Advantages of Digital over Analog
Satellite Communications
Increased capacity in the multiple access mode
Immediate and long term economical advantages
More robust to interference
Compatibility of analog as well as digital messages
Provides new facilities and services
Higher degree of flexibility
Contd...
Direct low cost interconnect with terrestrial
microwave, cable and optical fiber systems
Transmission quality almost independent of
distance and network topology
Uplink Model
Satellite Transponder
receive section
Other
losses
Free space
losses
Upconverter
Antenna
Data
in Modulator BPF X BPF HPA
IF
LO
Satellite Transponder
From earth
station
Filter
LNA Frequency
translator Towards
earth station
X Filter HPA Mux
LO
Downlink Model
Satellite
transmitter
Free space
losses
Other
losses Down converter
BPF LNA X BPF Demod
IF Data
Earth station out
Antenna LO
Advantages of 14/12 GHz Band
Reserved for satellite communication
No interference
Smaller antennas
Frequency band is not filled
Increased antenna gain
Easy to site antennas
New Generation of Satellite Systems
Wider Band Width (BW) transponders
Frequency reuse
Increased sensitivity in uplink reception
Increased effective downlink power
Reduced susceptibility to interference
World wide leader in IP Based ,satellite communication
Evolved in 1994
Delivering fast ,non-stop connectivity
Seamless integration with terrestrial networks
Provides diversity and resilience
IDIRECT (INTELLIGENT PLATFORM)
• Network Management System
iVantage and Sat manage represent a comprehensive suite
of tools for configuring ,monitoring and controlling satellite
networks form one location.
• Hub series
A range of Hub series provides greater flexibility for
delivering higher level of connectivity ,regardless of
application ,BW, Satellite Topology.
•Satellite Router Series
A Series of Routers are available to suit needs of any
organization.
IDIRECT (INTELLIGENT
PLATFORM)
Hub Series
• Series 15000 universal Hub (5IF)
1. 20 slots, up to 5 IF interfaces
2. INFINITI TDM/MF
TDMA(inbound),DVB-S2
/ACM(outbound)
3.Support Star, Mesh and SCPC
networks
4. Access up to 5 Satellites from one location.
IDIRECT (INTELLIGENT
PLATFORM
MF –TDMA
Multi frequency TDMA is a mechanism for
sharing as satellite Uplink Channel. A selected
number of user have access to available BW for
small period of time known as Time Slot. The
IDIRECT Protocol Processor determine the
amount of time and frequency the remote site will
use for each Burst and provide the synchronized
Burst Plan to all Remotes.
DVB-S2 is a digital satellite transmission system developed by the DVB Project. It
makes use of the latest modulation and coding techniques to deliver performance that
approaches the theoretical limit for such systems. Satellite
transmission was the first area addressed by the DVB Project in 1993 and DVB
standards form the basis of most satellite DTV services around the world today, and
therefore of most digital TV in general. DVB-S2 will not replace DVB-S in the
short or even the medium term, but makes possible the delivery of services that could
never have been delivered using DVB-S.
THANK YOU
