Sir Bhavsinhji polytechnic institute,
Bhavnagar
Obstacle avoiding car
Done by: Dhruvit gohel – 196490302031
abhishek sasakiya - 196490302092
Raval smit - 166490302092
Shukan bafilkpara – 196490302006
Guided By: Prof. Bimal B. Chauhan
Contains
Introduction
Problem reschrch
Basic principal
Component use
Connections
Programming aurdino Uno
Results
Issues
Conclusion
Introduction
An obstacle avoiding robot is an autonomous robot
which is able to avoid any obstacle it face when it
moves.
It is the base of many large projects such as
Automatic cars, robots used in Manufacturing
factories, even in robots used in spacecraft’s or
interplanetary robotic missions like Mars rover.
Problem research
Autonomous mobile robot is obstacle avoidance. This
obstacle avoidance feature is of high importance in a
robot’s navigation system in an unknown area so as to
prevent collisions during its operation. It is necessary
for an autonomous robot to avoid collisions in order to
prevent damage to the object or to the robot itself
Basic principal
The robot uses Ultrasonic sensor to detect the obstacle
and motor driver is used to drive the motor according
to the ultrasonic signal as per code written in the
Arduino
Component use
Components used:
Ultrasonic sensor
In this robotic project we are using following components: Arduino
UNO
2 Wheel Drive robotic chassis
Two DC BO motors
L293 motor driver
Switch
9v Batteries and connector
Jumper wires
Caster
Nut-Bolts, Spacer
Other supporting components and tools
Ultrasonic sensor
The ultrasonic sensor has
a signal generator and a
receiver. The signal
generator generates an
ultrasonic wave and
transmits in the forward
direction.
Arduino
Arduino is an open-
source electronics
platform based on easy-
to-use hardware and
software. Arduino
boards are able to read
inputs and turn it into an
output
L293 motor driver:
We now have the conditions set
up for the robot car but it needs to
be executed/implemented on the
hardware. The hardware used is
the DC motor. To drive these DC
BO Motors, we need motor driver.
Motors
DC Gear Motor Figure 3.6 DC Gear Motor. DC Gear
Motors are the most common kind of motors which
convert electrical to mechanical energy. A gear motor
consists of a gearbox and a motor. The addition of a
gear head to a motor reduced the speed while
increasing the torque output.
Connections
Vin → 9v Battery (+)ve
GND → 9v Battery (-)ve
M1 → Left Motor connection
M2 → Right Motor connection
IN1 and IN2 → Arduino 4 and 5
IN3 and IN4 → Arduino 6 and 7
Programming Arduino UNO
The Arduino microcontroller communicates with the
PC via the USB connection. Data is transferred
between the board and the PC bit by bit. An adaptor is
used for power supply to the board and a USB
programmer is used to burn the hardware program
into the board.
Results
The outcome of this thesis is a simple, Arduino-
controlled robot car moves around detecting obstacles
in its way and avoiding them During operation of the
robot, the ultrasonic sensor sends out an ultrasound
wave to the front position right position and left
position When the wave strikes an obstacle, it
bounces back and the distance is stored for the front,
right, and left position. After this,the microcontroller
compares the values based on its algorithm and
determines whether to move forward or change path.
Issues
This caused issues with getting
accurate distance measurements under
some certain conditions.
Conclusion
Today we are in a world of robotics and we use
different types of robots daily in our life.
The factors which affect the accuracy of the designed
robot include the environment the robot was tested
and the number of present obstacles in the test space.
These factors mainly affected the sensor which means
that the accuracy of the robot is dependent on the
sensor.
