QASIR NAWAZ
2009-ag-28
OUTLINE
Introduction
Structure
Function
Working principle
Control system
Parameters
Types
Applications
INTRODUCTION
A servomechanism, or servo is an automatic device that uses
error-sensing feedback to correct the performance of a
mechanism.
The term correctly applies only to systems where the feedback or
error-correction signals help control mechanical position or other
parameters
A servomotor (servo) is electromechanical device in which an
electrical input determines the position of the armature of a
motor.
SERVO STRUCTURE
There are four main parts of
servo.
1. Bearings
2. Brakes
3. DC parts
4. Feedback devices
FUNCTION OF SERVO
A Servo is a small device that has an
output shaft.
The function of the servo is to receive a
control signal that represents a desired
output position of the servo shaft, and
apply power to its DC motor until its shaft
turns to that position.
This shaft can be positioned to specific angular
positions by sending the servo a coded signal.
As long as the coded signal exists on the input line, the
servo will maintain the angular position of the shaft.
As the coded signal changes,
the angular position of the shaft
changes.
Working principle:
It works on the principle of negative feedback.
The control information is compared with the actual
position of the motor.
Relationship between the I/P command pulses and
the actual motor rotation:
Parameters of Servo Motor
Servo Rating
Servo Speed
Servo Torque
Servo Power
Servo Angle
DC Servomotors
DC Servomotors are separately excited dc motor or
permanent magnet dc motor. They are controlled by
armature voltage..
AC Servomotors
Most ac servomotors are of
2-phase squirrel-cage
induction type..
The stator has two
distributed windings
displaced 90 electrical
degree apart.
Application of servo Motor
The motors are selected according to the torque requirement
and based on the application, for normal industrial application
Induction motors are economical.
For some application which requires high torque, positioning
and breaking control, we can use servo motor. Servo needs and
drive package and requires lengthy program.
They may be used for various applications such as robots,
radar, machine tools, tracking and guidance systems,
process controller, radio controlled cars, puppets, and
radio controlled airplanes.
Use of Servo Motor in Spinning
Servo is a variable speed control device and important
development replacing the mechanical ring spinning
setup.
In mechanical drive all the changes i.e. spindle speed,
draft, twist and count changes are made changing gear.
Mechanical system is time consuming process and also
results in yarn imperfection.
Front roller delivery speed of drafting arrangement is
controlled by servo.
The spindle speed is increased step by step due to setting
of control panel duration.
High performance servo drives provide uniform tension
during spinning which results in less number of end
breakages.
Lap weight device is also connected with the machine with
checks the changing in lap weight and give signal to servo
motor, which regulates the weight of lap.
Servo system reduces the speed at start and
increase through steps as the cop is build up
and reduces the speed when cop is near to
doff to reduce the balloon irregularities.
The change of the yarn count and of the twist
is made simply and quickly at control panel
of the machine.
The main spinning section use double apron drafting
with pneumatic weighting. The draft ratio is adjustable
by the use of servomotor.
Main draft motor with inverter drive for speed control
and servo motor for drat change.
Servo draft drive allows shortest
possible lot changing times with utmost
flexibility.
The Principle of Self-Adjustment
The AUTO DRAFT is a fully automatic self adjustment of the break
draft. Thanks to servo motors used, the values of break draft are
automatically changed and the power is measured. The optimum
value is settled.
Drive Principle of AUTO DRAFT System
Digital servo motors are attached to the drafting cylinders
Auto draft
Digital controlled servo motors attached to drafting system drive
the drafting cylinders in the shortest possible way via toothed belts.
Computer control of these motors make it possible to dispense with
differential gears and change wheels for draft and delivery.
Automatic Control system
Servo Draft System
