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Chapter 1 Systems of Unit

This document provides an overview and objectives of a Physics 143 course for engineering students. It introduces fundamental and derived physical quantities, the SI system of units, unit prefixes, and dimensional analysis. It defines the five base SI units of length, mass, time, temperature, and current. Derived quantities are formed from combinations of fundamental quantities, and examples are given such as area, volume, speed, and acceleration. Conversion between units and prefixes is demonstrated. The document aims to enable students to define physical quantities, list units, derive units, convert units, and perform dimensional analysis.

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Wan Arif
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61 views22 pages

Chapter 1 Systems of Unit

This document provides an overview and objectives of a Physics 143 course for engineering students. It introduces fundamental and derived physical quantities, the SI system of units, unit prefixes, and dimensional analysis. It defines the five base SI units of length, mass, time, temperature, and current. Derived quantities are formed from combinations of fundamental quantities, and examples are given such as area, volume, speed, and acceleration. Conversion between units and prefixes is demonstrated. The document aims to enable students to define physical quantities, list units, derive units, convert units, and perform dimensional analysis.

Uploaded by

Wan Arif
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY 143

PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERING 1

SITI AZLINA ROSLI (MISS)


(PHYSICS)
Department of Applied Science (JSG)
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Campus of Pulau Pinang
SYSTEM OF
UNITS
CHAPTER 1
COURSE OBJECTIVES

 Able to define what is a physical quantity.


 Able to list the basic and derived quantities.
 Able to derive the units for basic and
derived quantities.
 Able to convert units of physical quantity
between SI and non-SI units
 Able to conduct dimensional analysis for
basic and derived quantities.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

 Fundamental Quantities
 Derived Quantities
 Units
 Prefixes
 Dimensional Analysis
BASIC DERIVED
QUANTITIES QUANTITIES

 The simplest form of  Derived from the


physical quantities combination of one or
 Five fundamental more fundamental
quantities: quantities.
i. Length (m)  Examples:
ii. Mass (kg) i. area (m2),
iii. Time (s) ii. Volume (m3)
iv. Temperature (K) iii. Speed (ms-1)
iv. Acceleration (ms-2)
v. electric current (A) force, pressure, etc.
DEFINITIONS
 Length – A meter is the distance light travels in
vacuum during 1/299,792,458 seconds

 Time – A second is the duration of 9,192,631,770


periods of a certain vibration of a cesium atom
isotope(133Cs)

 Mass – A kilogram is the mass of a particular cylinder


of platinum-iridium alloy kept in France.

 Electric current – An ampere is the current flowing


through two parallel conductors a meter apart and
having a attractive force per meter of 2π x 10-7 Nm-1
between the conductors.

 Temperature – One Kelvin is 1/273.16 of the triple


point thermodynamic temperature of water.
EXAMPLES OF DERIVED QUANTITIES

FUNDAMENTAL COMBINATION OF DERIVED


QUANTITIES QUANTITIES QUANTITIES
Length (Length)2 Area (m2)

Length (Length)3 Volume (m3)

Length, time Length/time Speed (ms-1)

Length, time Length/(time)2 Acceleration (ms-2)

Length, mass Mass/(length)3 Density (kgm-3)

Current, time Current/time Electric charge

Length, mass, time (Mass x Force (kgms-2)


time)/(time)2
 A way of writing numbers that accommodates values
too large or small to be conveniently written in standard
decimal notation
In scientific notation, numbers are written in the form:

Example:
An electron’s mass is about
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 910 938 22
kg.
In scientific notation, this is written 9.1093822×10−31 kg.
UNITS
 Physical quantities measured by using units
 1960 – General Conference on Weights and
Measures decided on a universal system of unit
called the International System or SI (for
Syste`me International) based on the metric
system, mks (meter,kilogram,second)
QUANTITIES UNIT SYMBOL
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
temperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A
density kilogram/meter3 kgm-3
speed meter/second ms-1
SYSTEMS OF UNIT

 mks (metric system) – meter ,kilogram,second


 cgs (derived from metric system) –
centimeter,gram,second
1 m = 100 cm : 1 kg = 1000 g
 fps (British Engineering System) – foot,
pound,second
1 ft = 12 in : 1 in = 2.54 cm
1 kg of mass has the same weight as 2.2 lb
1 slug = 14.5939 kg
PREFIXES
 Used to simplify big numbers
 Replace powers of ten

POWER PREFIX ABBREV.


x 10-12 pico p
x 10-9 nano n

x 10-6 micro
x 10-3 milli m
x 10-2 centi c
x 103 kilo k
x 106 Mega M
x 109 Giga G
x 1012 Tera T
PREFIXES
 2000 m = 2 x 103 m = 2 km
 0.005 m = 5 x 10-3 m = 5 mm
 45 000 000 bytes = 45 x 106 bytes
 = 45 Mbytes
 0.00000008 s = 80 x 10-9 s = 80 ns
 40 M.mall = 40 x 106 mall
 200 mA = 200 x 10-3 A
One system of unit to another
One prefix to another

Single unit Multiple unit

Power of 1 Power of n

Same physical quantities !!!


Simple & easy method of rational no !!!
Conversion Factor !!!
13
Conversion Factor [CF]
= numerical factor used to multiply or divide a
quantity, expressed in one set of units

Steps involve in the process of conversion:

 Write in the form of a ratio (rational method) -


mathematical operation
 Apply CF
 The unit (CF) located at the side that opposite
to the previous unit
 ‘cancelled off’ when multiplication is
performed, leaving only the desired units to
describe the answer
14
CONVERSION OF UNITS
 3 km = ? m
 1 km = 1000 m
 3 km = 3 x 1000 m
= 3000 m
or 3 km = 3 km x 1000 m
1 km
= 3000 m
CONVERSION OF UNITS
 45 cm = ? km

 1m  1km 
45 cm  45 cm x   
 100 cm  1000 m 
5
45 cm  45x10 km
4
45 cm  4.5x10 km
CONVERSION OF UNITS
 35 km.hr-1 = ? m.s-1

35 km 35 km  1000 m  1hr  1min 


    
1 hr 1hr  1 km  60 min  60 s 
35 km  35x1000  m
 
1hr  60x60  s
1 1
35 km.hr  9.72 ms
CONVERSION OF UNITS
 20 kg.m-3 = ? g.cm-3
3
20kg 20kg  1000 g   1m 
3
 3   
1m 1m  1kg   100cm 
20kg 20kg  1000 g   1m 
3

 3  
1m 3
1m  1kg   100cm  3

20kg  20 x1000  g
3
  3
1m  100 x100 x100  cm
20kg.m 3  2 x102 g.cm 3
Exercise 1.1

Convert:
1. 20 µm to m
2. 7.9 gcm-3 to kgm-3
3. 15 s to ps
4. 30 mm2 to nm2
5. 10 ms-2 to cms-2
6. 13 in to m
7. 8.5 ft to mm
19
Exercise 1.2
1. Calculate the volume of a sphere of radius 10
cm in:
i. mm3
ii. pm3
iii. m3
2. The density of hydrogen gas is 0.095 x 10-3
gcm-3. State this value in:
i. kgm-3
ii. mgmm-3
iii. kgcm-3

20
Answer / Exercise 1.2

1. 20 x 10-6 m
2. 7900 kgm-3
3. 1.5 x 1013 ps
4. 3 x 1013 nm2
5. 1 x 103cms-2
6. 0.3302 m
7. 2590.8 mm

21
Thank You…
Coming up next :
KINEMATICS IN ONE
DIMENSION

~Setiap yang berusaha pasti akan BERJAYA~

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