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Overview of C++

C++ is a popular cross-platform language used to create high-performance applications. It has undergone major updates in 2011, 2014, and 2017. C++ is an object-oriented language that provides structure and allows for code reuse. The language includes input/output streams like cout and cin. C++ programs typically include header files, declare a main function, and use statements like cout << to output text and cin >> to accept user input. Variables can be created to store values of different data types.

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80 views14 pages

Overview of C++

C++ is a popular cross-platform language used to create high-performance applications. It has undergone major updates in 2011, 2014, and 2017. C++ is an object-oriented language that provides structure and allows for code reuse. The language includes input/output streams like cout and cin. C++ programs typically include header files, declare a main function, and use statements like cout << to output text and cin >> to accept user input. Variables can be created to store values of different data types.

Uploaded by

Desyilal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Overview Of c++

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, 1


C++ introduction
C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications.
The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11, C++14, and C++17.
C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.
C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and embedded systems.
C++ is fun and easy to learn!
C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to programs and
allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 2


C++ Syntax

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  cout << “Ephrem Computer Tutor!";
   return 0;
}

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 3


cont…
Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with input and output
objects. Header files add functionality to C++ programs.
Line 2: using namespace std; means that we can use names for objects and variables from the
standard library.
Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <iostream> and using namespace std works. Just
think of it as something that (almost) always appears in your program.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space, is made for better clarity and readablity.
Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is int main(). This is called a
function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.
Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with the insertion operator (<<)
to output/print text. In our example it will output “Ephrem Computer Tutor".

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 4


Cont…
Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.
Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines makes the code more
readable.
Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the main function.

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 5


Omitting Namespace
You might see some C++ programs that runs without the standard namespace library. The using
namespace std line can be omitted and replaced with the std keyword, followed by the :: operator for
some objects:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
std::cout << “Ephem Computer
Tutor!";
return 0;
}

It is up to you if you want to include the standard namespace library or not.

6
EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA
1. C++ Output (Print Text)
The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values/print text:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Ephrem Computer Tutor!
int main()
{
  cout << “Ephrem Computer Tutor!";
   return 0;
}

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 7


C++ New Lines
To insert a new line, you can use the \n character:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std; Ephrem Computer Tutor!
Streaming C++
int main() {
  cout << “Ephrem Computer Tutor! \n";
  cout << “Streaming C++";
  return 0;
}

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 8


C++ Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different keywords), for example:
int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by single quotes
string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by double quotes
bool - stores values with two states: true or false

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 9


Declaring (Creating) Variables
To create a variable, you must specify the type and assign it a value:
Syntax: type variable = value;
Where type is one of C++ types (such as int), and variable is the name of the variable (such as x
or myName). The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.
To create a variable that should store a number, look at the following example:
 Create a variable called MyIDNo of type int and assign it the value 15:

int MyIDNo = 15;


15
cout << myNum;

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 10


Display Variables
The cout object is used together with the << operator to display variables.
To combine both text and a variable, separate them with the << operator:
Example:
int myAge = 29;
cout << "I am " << myAge << " years old.";

I am 29 years old.

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 11


2. C++ User Input
You have already learned that cout is used to output (print) values.
Now we will use cin to get user input.

cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the keyboard with the extraction operator
(>>).
In the following example, the user can input a number, which is stored in the variable x. Then
we print the value of x:
int x;
cout << "Type a number: ";
cin >> x;
cout << "Your number is: " << x;

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 12


Cont…
Good To Know
cout is pronounced "see-out". Used for output, and uses the insertion operator (<<)
cin is pronounced "see-in". Used for input, and uses the extraction operator (>>)

EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 13


This Much is Enough for Overview

Thank you!!!

if you like it share with your friends!


EPHREM T. GOFA SAWLA, ETHIOPIA 14

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