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Statics and Dynamics: Second Semester 2017-2018 Mr. Mohammed Tareq Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department

This document provides an overview of statics and dynamics as taught in a second semester engineering course. It covers key topics like units of measurement in mechanics, force vectors, moment, and the free body diagram. Mechanics is divided into three branches - rigid body mechanics, deformable body mechanics, and fluid mechanics. Statics deals with bodies at equilibrium while dynamics considers accelerated motion. Moments represent the tendency of a force to rotate a body and are calculated as the product of the force magnitude and its effective distance from the axis of rotation.

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ملاك محمد
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73 views9 pages

Statics and Dynamics: Second Semester 2017-2018 Mr. Mohammed Tareq Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department

This document provides an overview of statics and dynamics as taught in a second semester engineering course. It covers key topics like units of measurement in mechanics, force vectors, moment, and the free body diagram. Mechanics is divided into three branches - rigid body mechanics, deformable body mechanics, and fluid mechanics. Statics deals with bodies at equilibrium while dynamics considers accelerated motion. Moments represent the tendency of a force to rotate a body and are calculated as the product of the force magnitude and its effective distance from the axis of rotation.

Uploaded by

ملاك محمد
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statics and Dynamics

Second semester
2017-2018
Mr. Mohammed Tareq
Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department
Content
• Introduction
• Units of measurement
• Force Vectors
• Resultant
• Equilibrium of particle
• Moment
• The Free Body Diagram
• Distributed Forces
Introduction
• What is the Mechanics
• Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the State of rest or motion of bodies
that are subjected to the action of force.
• In general this subject can subdivided in to 3 branches

• Mechanics

Rigid-body mechanics Fluid Mechanics


deformable body
mechanics
Statics Dynamics
Deals with equilibrium deals with accelerated
Of bodies motion of bodies

 We can consider the statics as a special case of dynamics


Basic Quantities
• The following four quantities are used throughout mechanics.
• Length. Length is used to locate the position of a point in space and thereby describe the size of a physical
system. Once a standard unit of length is defined, one can then use it to define distances and geometric
properties of a body as multiples of this unit.
• Time. Time is conceived as a succession of events. Although the principles of statics are time independent, this
quantity plays an important role in the study of dynamics.

• Mass. Mass is a measure of a quantity of matter that is used to compare the action of one body with that of
another. This property manifests itself as a gravitational attraction between two bodies and provides a measure
of the resistance of matter to a change in velocity.

• Force. I n general, force is considered as a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on another. This interaction
can occur when there is direct contact between the bodies, such as a person pushing on a wall, or it can occur
through a distance when the bodies are physically separated. Examples of the latter type include gravitational,
electrical, and magnetic forces. In any case, a force is completely characterized by its magnitude, direction, and
point of application.
General Concepts
• Models or idealizations are used in mechanics in order to simplify application of the theory. Here we will consider
three important idealizations.
• Particle. A particle has a mass, but a size that can be neglected. For example, the size of the earth is insignificant
compared to the size of its orbit, and therefore the earth can be modeled as a particle when studying its orbital
motion. When a body is idealized as a particle, the principles of mechanics reduce to a rather simplified form
since the geometry of the body will not be involved in the analysis of the problem.

• Rigid Body. A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large number of particles in which all the
particles remain at a fixed distance from one another, both before and after applying a load. This model is
important because the body’s shape does not change when a load is applied, and so we do not have to consider
the type of material from which the body is made. In most cases the actual deformations occurring in structures,
machines, mechanisms, and the like are relatively small, and the rigid-body assumption is suitable for analysis.
• Concentrated Force. A concentrated force represents the effect of a loading which is assumed to act at a point
on a body. We can represent a load by a concentrated force, provided the area over which the load is applied is
very small compared to the overall size of the body. An example would be the contact force between a wheel and
the ground.
Units of Measurement
• The four basic quantities—length, time, mass, and force—are not all independent from one another; in fact,
they are related by Newton’s second law of motion, Force = mass . acceleration
Because of this, the units used to measure these quantities cannot all be selected arbitrarily. The equality F
= ma is maintained only if three of the four units, called base units, are defined and the fourth unit is then
derived from the equation.
Moment
• In addition to the tendency to move a body in the direction of its application, a force can also
tend to rotate a body about an axis. The axis may be any line which neither intersects nor is
parallel to the line of action of the force. This rotational tendency is known as the moment M of
the force. Moment is also referred to as torque.

• Moment about a Point

As a familiar example of the concept of moment, consider the pipe wrench


of Fig. One effect of the force applied perpendicular to the handle of the
wrench is the tendency to rotate the pipe about its vertical axis. The
magnitude of this tendency depends on both the magnitude F of the force
and the effective length d of the wrench handle. Common experience
shows that a pull which is not perpendicular to the wrench handle is less
effective than the right-angle pull shown.
Moment about a Point
• The moment is a vector M perpendicular to the plane of the body. The sense of M depends
on the direction in which F tends to rotate the body.

M=Fd (N.m)

Moment directions may be accounted for by using a stated sign


convention, such as a plus sign (+) for counterclockwise
moments and a minus sign (-) for clockwise moments, or vice
versa.

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