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Of Construction Material: Dire Dawa Institute of Technology Department of Construction Technology and Management

The document provides an outline for a course on construction materials. The course objectives are to understand properties of various materials used in building construction and their performance, and to undertake quality tests of materials in the laboratory. The course contents include introduction to materials and their classification, properties of building stone, brick, lime, gypsum, cement and mortar. Assessment includes continuous lab assessments and a final exam. Key topics covered are types of building stones and their characteristics, production of bricks, types of cement and testing of materials.

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Solomon Adisu
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251 views22 pages

Of Construction Material: Dire Dawa Institute of Technology Department of Construction Technology and Management

The document provides an outline for a course on construction materials. The course objectives are to understand properties of various materials used in building construction and their performance, and to undertake quality tests of materials in the laboratory. The course contents include introduction to materials and their classification, properties of building stone, brick, lime, gypsum, cement and mortar. Assessment includes continuous lab assessments and a final exam. Key topics covered are types of building stones and their characteristics, production of bricks, types of cement and testing of materials.

Uploaded by

Solomon Adisu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRE DAWA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Lecture
Of
Construction material
1
OUT LINE OF THE COURSE
1. COURSE INFORMATION
Course Title: Construction Material

Course No: CEng2082


Contact hrs: 2hr Lect & 3hrs Lab

Academic Year: 2017/18


Credit Hrs: 3hrs
Pre-requisite:- None
2
3

out line of the course


2. COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this course students are able
to:-
Understand the properties of various construction
materials& their uses in building construction.
Have sufficient knowledge on the performance of
construction materials
Undertake quality tests in laboratory on
construction materials to insure the
appropriateness of the materials for construction
purpose
out line of the course
3. Contents
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1. Basic relationship in the Construction Process
1.2. Classification of material
1.3. Selection of materials
1.4. Properties of materials
2. BUILDING STONE
2.1 Classification of building stone
2.2 Properties of stone, testing of stone and Uses of stone
2.3. Common stones for construction purpose
2.4. Quarrying of stone 4
Course Out Line
3. BRICK
3.1. introduction
3.2. types of bricks and their uses
3.3.production of bricks
4. LIME AND GYPSUM
4.1 Classification of lime
4.2 Slaking and hardening of lime
4.3 Uses of lime
4.4. Gypsum
5. CEMENT
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Portland cement
5.3 Manufacture of cement
5.4 Types of cement
5.5 Properties and Testing of cement
course out line
6. MORTAR Mode of assessment
6.1 Definition Continues assessment and
6.2 Ingredients lab performance 50%
6.3 Classification Final exam 50%
6.4 Purpose of mortar
References
1.Basic Civil Engineering, Dr.B.C Punmia, Ashok K.Jain, Arunk
K.Jain
2.Civil Engineering Materials, Second Edition, Shan Somayaji
3.Construction Materials, Methods, And Techniques
Building For A Suitable Future, Third Edition,
William,p.Spence
1.Introduction
1.1. Basic relationship in the
Construction Process
Owner
Architect /
Finance
Engineer

General Contractor
Supplier

Testing Laboratories

Sub-Contractor
Introduction
 Construction materials: -
 knowing the characteristic and qualities of materials is very
essential prior to planning, design and construction
 Classification of construction materials
 Naturally occurring materials
 Aggregate
 Stone
 Soil
 Timber etc.
 Manufactured materials
 Cement
 Reinforcement(bar)
 Metal
 Special materials
 Polymers
Building Stone
 Stones are derived from rocks.
They are classified in to four (4)

1.Physical (depends on structure)

2. Geological (depends on mode of formation)

3. Scientific of engineering (depends on chemical composition)

4. Practical (depends on use)


Types of Stone
Name use Characteristics

    . hard and great resistance to crush

Basalt Pavement and road . Black color

Dolomite Pavement and light road Metamorphic rock

    . it is durable

Granite Construction of bridge piers, sea wall light mouse . hard and heavy
and other marine work
.its cost is high

Marble Stair case, steps, column Color is white, grey, pink/red

    . It is soft, light

Lime stone Columns, stair cases, steps .Granular lime stone is fairly hard and subjected
to acid action.
What you should know?

Properties

Uses Material Testing

Manufacture
1.3. What are the factors to be considered
when selecting a material for a specific use?
• Economic factors
- Manufacturing cost, transportation, maintenance,
etc.
• Properties
- Ability to accept load (stress-strain) as required,
weight, thermal expansion, etc.
• Production & Construction
- Availability of material & ability to fabricate into
desired shapes
• Aesthetic
- Appearance
1.4 Properties of materials
a) Physical properties
 Density and specific gravity
 Mechanical properties
 Thermal properties
 Acoustical properties
b) Chemical properties
 Corrosion
 Solubility
 Expansion and contraction
 Cohesion
Cont…
Thermal properties
 thermal expansion
Conductivity
heat resistance

Note :Here only the mechanical properties are dealt with


since they have a great practical significance in civil
engineering work.
Mechanical properties
When forces are applied to a solid body, two results are produced

1) Internal resisting force


2) Deformation
1)Internal Resisting Force
Depending up on the arrangement and direction of the external
forces, the stress produced may be:
i. Tensile stress
ii. Compressive stress
iii.Shearing stress
iv.Bending stress
v. Torsional stress
vi.Combination of the above stresses
2) Deformation
Deformation can be classified into two:
a. elastic if the material recovers its original shape when the
external force is released.
 plastic if the material fails to recover its original shape when the
external force is released
1.4.2 Classification of mechanical tests
I) With reference to the direction of the external forces

Tension test Compression test bending test


Shear test torsion test
II) With reference to the rate and duration of the load application

Static test Dynamic test Long -time test Fatigue test


Wear test
Tests of materials for mechanical properties
Mechanical tests may be classified under several headings with respect
to the arrangement and direction of the external forces. The following
classification may be made with reference to the direction of external
force:
Tension test :is produced on cross-sectional area perpendicular to
the line of action of the force and the specimen increase in length
Compression test: is produced on cross-sectional area perpendicular
to the line of action of the force and the specimen decrease in length
Shear test: in this test, the shearing stress in a specimen is
determined on cross- section area parallel to the line of action of the
external force which are themselves parallel
Bending test: The resulting stress are compressive on one side of a
natural plane and tensile on the other side
Torsion test: this is an indirect test used to determine the shearing
strength of a material. Test specimen for torsion test are generally
cylindrical shape, solid or hollow
Mechanical tests with reference to the rate & duration of
the load application:
a. Static Tests: these are made with gradually increasing load,
such as ordinary tests in tension, compression etc.
b. Dynamic test: these are made with suddenly applied loads,
as by falling weight
c. Wear tests: these are made to determine resistance to
abrasion and impact, as in the case of paving materials.
d. Long-time tests: These are made with loads applied to the
object under test for a long period of time. They are used for
materials such as concrete.
e. Fatigue test: these are made with fluctuating stresses
repeating for a large number of times.
Cont…

III) With reference to the effect of the test on the specimen

destructive tests Non-Destructive test

The specimens are either crushed without affecting the performance


or ruptured and made useless at of the specimens
the end of the test
Review Questions.

1.What have you learnt from the lesson?


2.What are the requirements for selection of
construction materials?
3.Why it is necessary to study the properties of
construction materials?
4.Give reasons for dealing with only mechanical
properties of materials?
5.Differentiate types of mechanical tests on
construction materials.
Assignment #1

1. Write at least four construction materials with their:-


a. Definition
b. Uses
c. properties
Thank you!!!

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