CONDITIONS:
Given are hand outs and
utility ropes.
STANDARDS:
1. Know the different techniques of knot tying
2. Know how to set up different kinds of rappel
3. Know the different parts of a knot
4. Appreciate the importance of knot in mountaineering operation
5. Perform the different kind of rappels
6. Perform the different kind of knots
7. Perform all rope counsel and obstacle courses
PERFORMANCE STEPS:
1. The primary aspect for success of a unit operating
in a jungle depends upon his ability to use a number of
mountaineering techniques such as;
a. Knot tying
b. Constructing rope traverses
c. Mountain evacuation
d. Rappelling
2. Knot tying which is integral to the
mountaineering experience. A knot is an interlacement of
the parts of one or more flexible bodies, such as cordage
rope, forming a lamp; it is also used as stopper to prevent
a rope from passing through an opening.
3 General classifications of knots
1. Knots at the end of rope
2. Knots for joining two ropes
3. Knots for making loops
1. Knots at the end of the rope
Knots at the end of the ropes fall under the following categories:
Over hand knot – commonly used and is one of the simplest of all
knots. Used to prevent the end of the rope from untwisting to form a knot
at the end of the rope and serve as a part another knot. Reduces the
strength of the straight rope by 55 percent.
Figure of Eight Knot – form a
larger knot by overhand knot.
Prevent the end of the rope to
slipping to fastening or loop in
another rope.
Wall Knot – will prevent the rope
from twisting but to make a neat
round knot crown it.
2. Knots for joining two ropes
Knots for joining to ropes fall
under the following categories:
Square knots – to tie two ropes
of equal sizes together so they
will not slip.
Single Sheet bend –
tying a rope to an eye,
tying together two ropes
of unequal sizes.
Double Sheet Bend – has greater
holding power than the single shift
bend for joining ropes of equal or
unequal diameter and joining a wet
ropes.
3. Knots for making ropes
Bowline – one of the common
knots and has a variety of uses,
one of which is the lowering of
men and materials.
Double Bowline – forms three non
slipping loop, used to sling a man
Running Bowline – form a strong
running loop.
Bowline on bight – use for the same
purpose as boniswain’s chair
French Bowline – used as sling to lift injured man
KNOTS FOR TIGHTENING A
ROPE
Butterfly Knot – Tying into the middle
of the rope where the strain will come
from both sides of the knot.
Wireman’s Knot – Forms a directional
single fixed loop in the middle of the
rope and is used in a transport-tightening
system.
Prusik - Used to put a
moveable knot on a fixed rope
so the knot will lock down or
secure itself to the rope passing
through the knot
B. Finger Prusik Knot
A. Middle of the rope Prusik knot.
C. End of the Rope Prusik Knot
HITCHES
Used to form temporary rose in a rope or to secure a rope around a
timber, pipe or post so that it will hold temporarily and can be readily undone.
TYPES
Half-Hitch – Used to tie a rope to a timber or to a large rope
Two Half-hitch –especially useful for securing the running end of a rope
to the standing part.
Sheep shank – Method of shortening a roper but you can use it to take
the load of a weak spot in the rope.
Clove Hitch – Used to fasten a rope to a piece of timber, pipe or post
Round turn and Two Half-Hitches – can be tied under load
Timber Hitch – To move heavy timber or poles
Timber Hitch and Half-Hitch – one combined to hold heavy timber
or poles when they are being lifted or dragged
SAMPLE ILLUSTRATIONS
Clove Hitch Round turn and two half
hitches
Timber Hitch
RAPELLING
To select the proper rappel
point, observe the following
a. Select proper rappel point, close to edges if possible
b. Test anchor for safety and retrievability of the rope
c. Remove loose rock
d. Avoid running the rope over the sharp edges
e. Ensure that the rope reaches the end the bottom of good unloading
platform
TYPES OF RAPPEL
Body rappel – to perform below the ff step;
1. Face anchor; straddle rope. Bring rope from behind, around one
hip diagonally across the chest opposite shoulder across the back to the
brake hand
2. Part legs apart, full sole, back straight. lean well out an angel to
the rock
3. The performer leads with the break hand pointed downhill and
face slightly sideways
4. Lead with downhill foot
5. To brake, bring the break hand across the chest and lean back to
face the cliff, so the feet are horizontal to the ground
6. Keep the guide hand on the rope above the rappeller for Balance
B. Hasty Rappel – Used
for carrying a light load
and the slope is not as step.
How to do it.
1.Face sideways to anchor.
2. Place rappel rope across the back.
3.The hand nearest the anchor is the guide hand. The downhill
hand is the brake hand.
4. Descend sideways, full soles the body is almost perpendicular to
the rock.
5. To stop bring the brake hand in front of the body and turned
facing the anchor point.
C. Piggy back Rappel – Used if you have to carry along a
casualty
Done like the sit hip rappel.
D. Rundown Rappel – Used this when you are going down a
gradual inclined and you expect the enemy down below. You
need only one hand to run through this type. This allow you to
hold on your rifle and keep it pointed towards the suspected
enemy position.
c. Make a round turn around the solid
shaft of the snap link. Full an arm
length of slack between the snap link
and the anchor point.
d. With the rappel rope held
E. Sit hip Rappel with the break hand to the rear in
a.Stand on one side of the rope the small of the back, guide hand
so that the square knot faces the on the rope with arm extended in
anchor point. front of the snap link.
b. Place the double rope on to e. With legs straight and feet
snap link. Full an arms length of shoulder width apart, maintain
this slack between the snap link good L shape body position with
and the anchor point. the legs parallel to the ground and
back straight.
F. In a walk-down rappel, the break hand is kept in a small of the
back. Regulate descent by opening and closing your hand.
G. In a bounding rappel the break hand is moved out to the rear of
the body during descent.
H. Lower over brake shoulder to observe the route of descent.
ROPE COURSES
Monkey Crawl
Slide for Life
Baby Crawl
Jump and Punch
Three Rope Bridge
Tarzan Swing
Fly Vi
Fast Rope
EVALUATION PREPARATION:
Set-up – 1. Provide utility rope needed for the knot tying activity
2. Clear and prepare the immediate vicinity of the Obstacle Course
and assign assistant instructors in every obstacle.
3. Clear and prepare the immediate vicinity of the Rope Course
and assign assistant instructors in every stage.
Brief Student
1. Tell the student to perform ten types of knot to
be dictated by the instructor within the prescribe
time.
2. Tell the student to pass through the obstacle
course within a prescribe time and observe safety.
3. Tell the student to pass through the rope course
within a prescribe time and observe safety.
PERFORMANCE MEASURE GO NO GO
1. Ability to identify all forms of knot ______ ______
2. Ability to make a knot within the
prescribe time. ______ ______
3. Ability to pass the obstacle courses
within the prescribe time. ______ ______
4. Ability to pass the rope courses
within the prescribe time. ______ ______
5. Ability to perform rappelling in the
correct manner As prescribe. ______ ______
EVALUATION GUIDELINES
Score the trooper go if all performance measures are
passed. Score the student no go if any performance measure
is failed. If the student fails any performance measure, show
him what was done wrong and how to do it correctly.
