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Impact of Jets

This document provides an overview of a fluid mechanics course covering impact of jets, viscous flow, flow over submerged bodies, boundary layer theory, and compressible flow. It then focuses on the topic of impact of jets, defining it as the force produced when a jet of water strikes an object due to the jet's momentum. It discusses applications of jet impact, such as generating electricity using a Pelton wheel. It also explains the impulse-momentum principle, stating that the impulse exerted on a body equals the resulting change in momentum, and provides equations for analyzing linear momentum in control volumes with fluid flow.

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69 views9 pages

Impact of Jets

This document provides an overview of a fluid mechanics course covering impact of jets, viscous flow, flow over submerged bodies, boundary layer theory, and compressible flow. It then focuses on the topic of impact of jets, defining it as the force produced when a jet of water strikes an object due to the jet's momentum. It discusses applications of jet impact, such as generating electricity using a Pelton wheel. It also explains the impulse-momentum principle, stating that the impulse exerted on a body equals the resulting change in momentum, and provides equations for analyzing linear momentum in control volumes with fluid flow.

Uploaded by

Md Roknuzzaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 2213

Fluid Mechanics II
Course contents
Impact of jets

Viscous flow

Flow over submerged body

Boundary layer theory

Compressible flow
Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk 2
Impact of Jets
Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk
Introduction

 Impact of a jet is defines as the force produced by a jet of water as it strikes an object
(namely flat plate or hemispherical cup) due to the momentum of the jet. This force affects
the rate of momentum flow in the jet. 
 One of the applications of jet impact is used to generate electricity. Impact of jet is used to
rotate the turbine (Pelton wheel for example) in the generator. The water jet is applying
force tangential to the wheel.

Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk 4


Impulse-Momentum principle

 The Impulse-Momentum principle sates that “the impulse exerted on any body is equal to
the resulting changes in momentum of the body.”
 This principle is a modified form of Newton’s second law of motion:

 The term is impulse and the term is the resulting change of momentum. Thus, the product
of a force and the time over which it is exerted is called impulse.

Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk 5


Impulse-Momentum principle

 The linear momentum equation for a control volume,

 For steady flow through the control volume,

where is the normal component of velocity at an arbitrary control surface.


 For uniform velocity distribution and normal (1-D) in/exit of flows through the surface

where is the mass flow rate.


 For one inlet and one outlet of the control volume

Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk 6


Impulse-Momentum principle
 If any force is exerted on a fluid, the fluid exerts an equal and opposite reaction force. As a
result, the force associated with momentum change of a fluid.
 It can be interpreted as either an external force applied to the fluid (providing momentum to
the fluid in the direction of that force), or a force being applied by the fluid on its
surroundings, thereby depleting the fluid of momentum in the direction of that force.
 For example, if water in a pipe is initially heading in the direction and takes a turn:
• It can be interpreted as the pipe is applying a force, and therefore adding momentum to the
water in the direction. This force causes the component of the water’s velocity to decrease
and eventually become negative.
• Equivalently, it can be said that the water is applying a force to the pipe, and therefore losing
momentum in the direction.

Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk 7


Dr. Abdullah Al-Faruk 8
End of chapter

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