QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
AND EQUATIONS IN ONE
VARIABLE
Quadratic Expression, Quadratic Functions,
Quadratic Equations
General form
Quadratic Expression
a, b and c are constants,
Involves one variable with General form
Quadratic Functions the highest power of 2 a, b and c are constants,
General form
Quadratic Equations a, b and c are constants,
General form
a, b and c are constants,
If a = 0,
=
=
The highest power of variable is 1
=
Linear expression
General form
Quadratic Functions
a, b and c are constants,
If a = 0,
=
=
The highest power of variable is 1
=
Linear function
General form
Quadratic Equations
a, b and c are constants,
If a = 0,
=0
=0
=0
=0 The highest power of variable is 1
Linear equation
**Involves one variable with the highest power of 2
Example:
Quadratic Variable Highest power
expression of variable
**Involves one variable with the highest power of 2
Example:
Quadratic Variable Highest power
expression of variable
2
2
2
2
Determine whether each of the following expression
is a quadratic expression in one variable.
Expression Variable Highest Is it a
power of quadratic
variable expression?
Expression Variable Highest Is it a
power of quadratic
variable expression
Determine whether each of the following
expression is a quadratic expression in one
variable.
Expression Variable Highest Is it a
power of quadratic
variable expression?
, 2 No
3 No
2 Yes
2 Yes
Expression Variable Highest Is it a
power of quadratic
variable expression
1 No
2 No
1 No
Determine the values of a , b and c for each of the following quadratic
expressions.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Determine the values of a , b and c for each of the following quadratic
expressions.
b) + 0
c)
d)
𝒇 (𝒙)
Turning point
(Maximum point or
minimum point)
Coordinate of
turning point
y-intercept, c
x-intercept
Equation of axis of
symmetry
Turning
point
𝒇 (𝒙)
Turning point Minimum
, 5) (Maximum point or point
minimum point)
Coordinate of (1,-4)
, 3) turning point
y-intercept, c -3
x-intercept -1, 3
Equation of axis of 1
, -1) symmetry
Turning
point
𝒙 =𝟏
𝒇 (𝒙) Turning point
(Maximum point or
minimum point)
Coordinate of
turning point
y-intercept, c
x-intercept
Equation of axis of
symmetry
2
𝒇 (𝒙) Turning point Minimum
2 , 6)
(Maximum point or point
2 , 5) minimum point)
Coordinate of (2, -2)
2 , 3) turning point
y-intercept,c 6
x-intercept 1, 3
Equation of axis of
symmetry
𝒇 (𝒙)
Turning point
(Maximum point or
minimum point)
Coordinate of
turning point
y-intercept, c
x-intercept
Equation of axis of
symmetry
𝒇 (𝒙)
Turning point Maximum
(Maximum point or point
, 7) minimum point)
Coordinate of (-1,8)
, 5) turning point
y-intercept,c 6
, 2)
x-intercept -3, 1
Equation of axis of
symmetry
𝒙=−𝟏
To recognise quadratic functions as many-to-one relation
Text book page 6
x x
Number of points of intersection
= 2
Points of intersection
=
(-1 , 4) (4 , 4)
To recognise quadratic functions as many-to-one relation
Text book page 6
x f(x)
x x
-1
4
4
Number of points of intersection The type of relation of a quadratic function
= 2 is a many-to-one relation.
Points of intersection
=
(-1
-1 , 4) 4,4
(4 4)
To recognise quadratic functions as many-to-one relation
Text book page 6
x f(x)
0
• 1
x x 4
The type of relation of a quadratic function
Number of points of intersection is a many-to-one relation.
= 2
Points of intersection
= (0, 1) , (4, 1)
Object Image
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒇 (𝒙)
1
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
-3
-2 0
-1
0 1
1 4
2 9
3
All quadratic functions have the
same image for two different object.
The type of relation of a quadratic
function is a many-to-one relation.
a) f(x)
(-3, 7)
𝒇 (𝒙)
+
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
-3
-2 -1
-1
0 1
1 7
Object Image
a) f(x)
(-3, 7)
(
𝒇 (𝒙)
+
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
-3 -1
-2
-1 1
0 7
1
Object Image
b) f(x)
= -6
𝒇 (𝒙)
+
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
-3
-2
-1
-6
0 -1
1 2
2
3 3
Object Image
b) f(x)
𝒇 (𝒙)
+
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
-3
-2
-1
-6
0 -1
1 2
2
3
3
Object Image
To recognise shapes of graph of quadratic functions
For a graph of
(a) There are only two shapes of the graphs
(b) The value of determines the shape of the graph
If > 0, then the parabola has a minimum point and it open upwards, (u
shaped).
If a < 0, the parabola has a minimum point and it open downwards
(n- shaped).
If a > 0
𝒇 (𝒙)
f(x)
f(x)
If a < 0,
𝒇 (𝒙)
f(x)
f(x)
Indicate the shape of the graphs by putting either a smile on
the face, or an unhappy gesture if otherwise.
c)
d)
Indicate the shape of the graphs by putting either a smile on
the face, or an unhappy gesture if otherwise.
a)
a=1>0
b)
a = -1 < 0
c)
d)
Determine the maximum or minimum point.
Draw and state the axis of symmetry.
1)
𝒇 (𝒙) Turning point
(Maximum point or
minimum point)
Coordinate of
turning point
Equation of axis of
symmetry
Axis of symmetry,
Determine the maximum or minimum point.
Draw and state the axis of symmetry.
𝒇 (𝒙)𝒙 =𝟏 Turning point Minimum
(Maximum point or point
minimum point)
Coordinate of (1, -4)
turning point
Equation of axis of
symmetry
Axis of symmetry
Axis of symmetry,
𝒇 (𝒙)
2)
Turning point
(Maximum point
or
minimum point)
Coordinate of
turning point
Equation of axis of
symmetry
𝒇 (𝒙)
2) 𝒙=−𝟏
Turning point Maximum
(Maximum point or point
minimum point)
Coordinate of turning
point
Equation of axis of
symmetry
Axis of symmetry,
Axis of symmetry,
The value of a determines the shape of the
graph.
The effects of changing the values of a to the graphs of quadratic
functions.
𝟏
𝟏
The smaller the value of a , the wider the
curved shape of the graph.
Determine the value of from the quadratic function.
Determine the value of from the graph of quadratic function.
1)
𝒇 (𝒙)
Determine the value of from the quadratic function.
Determine the value of from the graph of quadratic
function.
𝒇 (𝒙)
y-intercept
From quadratic function
From the graph of the quadratic function
From the graph of quadratic function
From quadratic function
2)
𝒇 (𝒙)
From the graph of quadratic function
From quadratic function
2)
𝒇 (𝒙)
𝑐= 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡=5
y-intercept
From quadratic function From the graph of quadratic function
3)
From quadratic function From the graph of quadratic function
3)
18
18
y-intercept
Self practice 1.1 c Textbook Page 14
1. The quadratic functions below pass through the
points stated. Calculate the value of c for each case.
(a)f(x) = , passes through point (0, 5).
(b)f(x) = , passes through point (2, –3).
(c)f(x) = , y-intercept = 4.
Self practice 1.1 c Textbook Page 14
1a) f(x) = , passes through point (0, 5).
Coordinate for y- intercept
5
b) f(x) = , passes through point (2, –3).
f(x)= y =
Substitute (2, –3)
y=
c) f(x) = , y-intercept = 4.
f(x) =
4
Roots of quadratic functions
𝑓 ( 𝑥) 𝑓 ( 𝑥)
root
root root root
𝑥
𝑥
The roots of the quadratic functions are the
x – intercepts of the quadratic functions
