Protected cultivation of Rose.
Prepared By :
NAME : PRATIKSHA NARENDRA
GAIKWAD
REG NO : 2018AGDH034
COURSE NO : 4813
COURSE TITLE : PROTECTED
CULTIVATION OF FLOWERS AND
VEGETABLES
What is protected cultivation?
Protected cultivation is cultivating plants inside a structure
which protects plants from wind, precipitation, excessive
radiations, temperature extremes, insects and diseases..
Why protected cultivation….
Nursery
Higher
Better raising And
productivi-
quality of hardening
ty
produce of plant
Better Insect
&disease Efficient
Off- season
control and use of
reduce use of cultivation
resources
pesticides
Common name : Rose / Queen of flower
Scientific name : Rosa spp.
Family : Rosaceae.
Chromosome number: 2n=14
INTRODUCTION:-
Rose is “Eros” (The Greek Love-God). It is one of the “Natures
Beautiful Creations”.
Hence, it is universally known as the ‘Queen of flowers’.
Rose is considered as National flower of England.
In India it was referred in old Sanskrit literature.
Area and Distribution :-
Rosesare being cultivated from ancient times in France, Cyprus,
Greece, India,Iran, Italy, Morocco, USA and Bulgaria for
production of perfume.
In India, The major rose producing areas are Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Punjab,Uttar Pradesh, Delhi and Chandigarh, while
in Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal they are grown to a limited
extent.
Uses and Importance:-
Classification of Roses
• Hybrid tea:- (Hybrid perpetual × Tea roses)
Most popular rose. Bears large & highly centered flowers, borne
singly at the end of a stem.
First variety:- La France created in1867.
Eg. Melody, Darling , Sonia , Only Love etc.
Floribunda:- (Hybrid tea x Poliantha)
• They combined the beautiful forms of the Hybrid Teas with the
perpetual flowering habit of the Polyanthas.
• Flowering in clusters with small size and open centre.
• Good for garden display.
• Important Varieties are :- Kiss, Florence , Mercedes, Jaguar etc.
•Grandifloras: Mainly obtained from crossesbetween Hybrid
Tea and Floribunda type. Produces large number of flowers in
cluster with fine form.
•Eg: Montezuma (1955), Queen Elizabeth (1954),
Miniature / Button Roses:
• Popularly known as Baby roses with small leaves & flowers.
• They are hardy and good for pot culture.
• Multiplied by cuttings as well as budding on root stocks.
Eg. Baby gold star (1940), Cindrella (1952), peon (1936) etc.
Varieties: (size of flowers)
Long stem roses Medium Stem roses Small flowered roses
• Stem length:
• Stem length: • Stem length:
50-120cm 50-70cm 30-70cm
• Yield: • Yield: • Yield:
100-150 220stems/m2/year 250-350
stems/mtr.sqr/yr • Varieties: stems/m2/year
• Varieties: first Jaguar, golden • Varieties:
red, grand gala times, lambada,gabrella Motrea, carona
Top secret:-
Colour- RedStem length- 40-70cm
-Top secret a true red rose-Top secret is a superior
quality to most red roses
-A further attraction of rose is its very long vase life
and its impressive stem length
-It gives of a fun & youthful mood.
Selection of nursery:-
• location:-A nursery must be located in a pollution free environment.
It must be ensured that nursery site gets adequate sunlight. However
care must be taken that the plants are protected against severe heat .
•Topography of land:-
- The land at nursery site must be eve.
- If it is undulating,it must be levelled.
- In hilly areas, it may be divided into levelled terraces.
● Soil :-The soil must be loam or sandy loam with large quantity of
organic matter. The PH of soil must be near neutral (6.5 - 7.5) . It must
have adequate water retention capacity and aeration.
• Water :- Saline and polluted water must not be used. It must be ensured that there is
adequate water supply for irrigation.
• Drainage :- The nursery site must have adequate Drainage facility and be free from
water logging. Water should not stagnate at any time.
• Transplantation :- The nursery site must be accessible by road .it must be so far that
there is no damage to the seedling during transportation.
• Labour :- As nursery work is Labour intensive, the site must have enough number of
labourers.
• Protection from animals :- The area must be protected by enclosure so as to prevent
damage to the plants by stay animals.
Soil and Climate :
An ideal soil should be rich loose and structurally stable with a depth of around 50 cm
ensuring optimum drainage and aeration of the roots.
Roses do not tolerate water logging and high water table
Soil pH should be slightly acidic 6.2-6.8.
Temp: 15-18°C
Relative humidity: 50-60 %
CO2 level 1000 ppm for quality blooming
Preparation of Bed :-
The area is dug til 35 cm deep .All unnecessary particular such
as stones , weeds etc. are to be removed.
• The land will be fused with farmyard manure, sand , coir
substance in the proportion 2:1:1 & urea @15 kg was additionally
applied to the soil .
• The land needs to be watered three time furrowed again and
brought to an even tith.
• Raised bed (height- 50cm , breadth-
85cm ) were set up keeping a walking
space of 55 cm between the bed .
• Budded plants were planted in
lines separating 35cm ×25cm. The
bed were watered completely to
keep up the ideal soil dampness
condition.
Cultural operation:-
Weed Management:
• Manual weed control is effective if done frequently.
• Diuron @ 2 kg ai/hac.
• Oxyfluorofen @0.5 kg ai/hac.
• Rice straw mulch is also effective.
Special Horticultural practices:-
1) Bending:-
•45 days after planting
• Bending helps in maintaining enough
leaf area on the plants.
• The maximum leaf area is required to
build up a strong root system.
• Leaves are important for producing
carbohydrates
SPECIAL HORTICULTURAL
3)Disbudding:-
Disbudding is the practice of
removing undesirable buds.
• After second week of
pinching, twice in a week.
• It is achieved by placing
the bud between thumb and
index.
Irrigation:-
• Roses do not like water logging condition but need plenty of water for their
growth and development.
• Frequency of irrigation depends on the water requirement of particular
varieties.
• Ideal method-Drip irrigation system
• Another method of irrigation –Sub surface ,in which water is directly delivered
at the root zone without any losses.
• Regular soil moisture is very essential for rose.
Manure and Fertilizer:-
CONCENTRATED REQUIRED FOR FERTIGATION
• Roses are gross feeder.
• The requirement of major nutrient are broadcasted on
the beds and mixed into the upper 30 cm of soil.
• After establishment of plant nutrition is applied through irrigation
system.
Diseases:-
Powdery mildew Black spot Anthracnose
Physiological Disorder
• This is caused by low
temperature and high
anthocyanin content
• This effect was more
pronounced at low
temperature (20°C at day
and 4°C at night) than in
higher temperature (30°C at
day and 20°C at night).
• Due to a plant hormone
imbalance when flower buds
are forming.
• In roses, usually hot
weather or drought stress
during flower bud formation
are the cause of hormone
imbalance.
Pests:-
Aphid Whiteflies Thrips
Harvesting:-
After four months after planting the plants will come to harvest.
Cutting the stem
Firstcutting 3-4 mature leaves left on the plant after the flower
has been cut.
Second cutting, 2 mature leaves can be left on the plant after the
flower has been cut i.e., cutting to cutting.
Yeild:-
Cut flower:150-300 quality flower
stems per m² per year
•Loose Flower:10-50 quintals per
hectare.
Post Harvest Management
Cut stems of rose must be placed in a bucket
of water inside the polyhouse immediately
after harvesting and are transported to cold
storage(2-4°c).
The length of time depends upon the variety
and quality of roses.
The rose flowers are graded according to the
stem length and the quality of flower bud.