Group 4

Topics:
●ENDAGERED SPECIES
MANAGEMENT
●NATURAL PARKS AND
PROTECTED AREAS
ENDAGERED SPECIES
MANAGEMENT
Endangered Species Management
-Attempts to work with various groups to preserve
biodiversity and maintain viable ecosystems.

What are Endangered Species?

-Endangered species are those considered to be in
imminent danger or risk of extinction in the wild.

Two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.

How are Endangered Species Identified?
• Population reduction rate

• Geographic range

• Population size

• Population restrictions

• Probability of extinction in
the wild

 
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/saving-endangered-species-a-case-study-using-19445898/
The Endangered Species Act

-Environmental law in the United States

for protecting imperiled species.

-A powerful tool for biodiversity

protection
Under the ESA, the federal government has the
responsibility to protect:

• Endangered species
• Threatened species
• Critical habitat Ethiopian Banana Frog
(Threatened)

Tahiti Reed-warbler Transcaucasian Racerunner

(Endangered) (Critically endangered)
Species can be classified into different types according to
their role in the ecosystem and conservation organizations.

• Keystone Species
• Indicator Species
• Flagship Species
• Umbrella Species
Keystone Species
-Keystone species are considered
the pillars of an ecosystem. They
have defined roles that ensure
survival of the food-web.

-Species that plays an essential

role in the structure, functioning or
productivity of a habitat or
ecosystem at a defined level
(habitat, soil, seed dispersal, etc).
Indicator Species
-Indicator species are a useful
management tool, and can help us
indicate the status of an
environmental condition, find a
disease outbreak, or monitor
pollution or climate change.
Flagship Species Umbrella Species
Flagship species are selected from An umbrella species is defined as a
the ecosystem to act as a symbol, species whose conservation is
expected to confer protection to a
icon or an ambassador for a
large number of naturally co-
defined issue, campaign or for occurring species.
environmental causes.
Endangered Species Recovery
Plan
-Recovery plans act as a foundation from which to
build a conservation effort to preserve animals which
are under threat of extinction.

-Process of restoring endangered and threatened

species to the point where they no longer require the
safeguards of the Endangered Species Act.
 Why it is important and
why we protect them
The Endangered Species Act is very
important because it saves our native fish,
plants, and other wildlife from going
extinct. Once gone, they're gone forever,
and there's no going back.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147    
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE CONSERVATION
AND PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES
AND THEIR HABITATS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

CHAPTER V
FINES AND PENALTIES

Section 28. Penalties for Violations of this Act. ­ For any

person who undertakes illegal acts under paragraph (a) of the
immediately preceding section to any species as may be
categorized pursuant to this Act, the following penalties
and/or fines shall be imposed;
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. ­It shall be the policy of the
State to conserve the country's wildlife resources and their
habitats for sustainability. In the pursuit of this policy, this
Act shall have the following objectives:
(a) to conserve and protect wildlife species and
their habitats to promote ecological balance and
enhance biological diversity;
(b) imprisonment of four (4) and one (1) day to six (6)
years and/or a fine of Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) if inflicted or undertaken against
endangered species;
(b) to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife
(b) imprisonment of two (2) years and one (1) day to
four (4) years and/or a fine of Thirty thousand pesos
(P30,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00), if inflicted or undertaken against
endangered species;
NATURAL PARKS
What is Natural Park?
Natural parks, or sometimes nature parks, are
designations of natural areas protected through long-term
spatial planning, sustainable resource management, and
restrictions on agricultural and real estate development.
Tubbataha Reef
a protected area of the
Philippines located in the
middle of the Sulu Sea
Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural
Park
The Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural
Park is located on the island of Panay, in the
provinces of Aklan and Antique of the
Philippines which was proclaimed a natural
park by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on
18 April 2002.
Mayon Volcano Natural Park

The Mayon Volcano Natural Park is a

protected area of the Philippines located in the
Bicol Region (Region 5) on southeast Luzon
Island, the largest island of the country.
Blockheide

The Blockheide is a protected area

near Gmünd in northwestern
Waldviertel in the Austrian state of
Lower Austria. It is a varied heather
landscape including meadows, mixed
woods, small lakes and small fields.
Hohe Wand Nature Park

The Hohe Wand region comprises a

rock formation with its surrounding area,
situated on the Hohe Wand mountain in
Austria, that is protected as a nature park.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7586
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF
NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM, DEFINING ITS SCOPE
AND COVERAGE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Prohibited Acts
Except as may be allowed by the nature of their categories and pursuant to
rules and regulations governing the same, the following acts are prohibited
within protected areas:

a. Hunting, destroying, disturbing, or mere possession of any

plants or animals or products derived therefrom without a permit
from the Management Board;

b. Dumping of any waste products detrimental to the protected

area, or to the plants and animals or inhabitants therein;

c. Use of any motorized equipment without a permit from the

Management Board;

d. Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of natural beauty, or

objects of interest to cultural communities (of scenic value);

e. Damaging and leaving roads and trails in a damaged condition;

f. Squatting, mineral locating, or otherwise occupying
any land;

g. Constructing or maintaining any kind of structure,

fence or enclosures, conducting any business enterprise
without a permit;

h. Leaving in exposed or unsanitary conditions refuse or

debris, or depositing in ground or in bodies of water; and

i. Altering, removing destroying or defacing boundary

marks or signs.
PROTECTED
AREAS
What is a protected area?

A protected area is a clearly defined geographical

space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal
or other effective means, to achieve the long term
conservation of nature with associated ecosystem
services and cultural values. (IUCN Definition 2008).
Ex.
 national parks
 wilderness areas (area that is undisturbed by modern
human development)
 community conserved areas (indigenous peoples or
tribal’s areas or territory)
 nature reseves (wildlife – plants and animals - is
protected and undisturbed)
 marine protected areas (a section of the ocean where
a government has placed limits on human activity.)
Asia & Pacific – 35,474 protected areas

Europe – 162,401 protected areas

Latin America & Caribbean – 10,018 protected
areas
Polar – 34 protected areas
North America – 51,958 protected areas
West Asia – 380 protected areas
Philippines – 273 protected areas
Protected Areas in the Philippines
Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park
Rizal Park and Shrine Dapitan
Angat Watershed Forest Reserve
 Section 20 of Republic Act No. 7586 is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Unless it’s a natural course of nature, any of the following acts are
prohibited:
 Poaching, killing, destroying, disturbing of any wildlife including in private
lands within the protected area;
 Hunting, taking, collecting, or possessing any wildlife, or by-products withing
the protected area without permit, authorization, or exemption.
 Cutting, gathering, removing, colleting timber
 Fishing or any activity that destroys coral reefs, seagrass beds, or other marine
life
 Dumping or throwing trash, toxic, chemical, or any harmful substances
 Etc.
 
 
 
 
21. Penalties. - Violation under this Act shall
be subject to the following penalties:

A fine of not less than PHP200,000 up to 5,000,000 or imprisonment

from 1 up to 12 years, depending on the severity of the damaged
caused.
  A fine of PHP50,000 daily shall be imposed on the owner of
existing facilities within a protected area