MODULE 2 –

THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

AND DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

Prepared by: Mr. M

 “Who are you?”, asked the caterpillar.
Alice replied rather shyly, “I-I hardly
know, Sir, just at present---at least I know
who I was when I got up this morning, but
I must have changes several times since
then.”
- Lewis Carrol
 Challenge
 In this Module you are challenged to :
 Define developmental tasks in your own words.
 Identify developmental stages of learners
 in different curriculum year levels.
 Describe the developmental task in each stage.
 State for yourself how these developmental tasks affect
your role as a facilitator of learning.
 Concept of developmental tasks
 According to Havighurst (1972)
 Developmental task as one that “arises at a certain
period in our life, the successful achievement of which
leads to happiness and success with later tasks while
failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and
difficulty with later task.”
 Developmental Stages
 The eight (8) developmental stages cites by
Santrock are the same with Havighust six (6)
developmental stages only that Havighust did not
include prenatal period.
 Havighust combined infancy and early childhood
while Santrock mentioned them as two (2) separate
stages.
 6 Developmental Task
(Havighurst, 1992)

1. Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5)

2. Middle Childhood (6-12)
3. Adolescent (13-18)
4. Early Adulthood (19-29)
5. Middle Adulthood (30-60)
6. Late Maturity (61 and over)
 Infancy and Middle Adolescence Early Adulthood Middle Later Maturity
Early Childhood Childhood (6-12) (13-18) (19-29) Adulthood (30- (61- and over)
(0-5) 60)

> Learning to >Learning >Achieving >Selecting a mate >Helping teenage >Adjusting to

walk physical skills mature relations >Learning to live children to decreasing
> …take solid necessary for with both sexes with a partner become happy and strength and
foods ordinary games >Achieving a >Starting a family responsible adults health
> …talk >Building a masculine or >Rearing children >Achieving adult >Adjusting to
> …control the wholesome feminine social >Managing a social and civic retirement and
elimination of attitude toward role home responsibility reduced income
body wastes oneself >Accepting one’s >Starting an >Satisfactory >Adjusting to
>….sex >… get along physique occupation career death of spouse
differences and with age mates >Achieving >Assuming civic achievement >Establishing
sexual modesty >…. appropriate emotional responsibility >Developing relations with
>Acquiring sex role independence of adult leisure time one’s age group
concepts and >Developing adults activities >Meeting social
language to concepts >Preparing for >Relating to one’s and civic
describe physical necessary for marriage and spouse as a person obligations
and social reality everyday living family life >Accepting the >Establishing
>Readiness for >Developing >Preparing an physiological satisfactory living
reading conscience, economic career changes of middle quarters
>…distinguish morality and scale >Acquiring values age
right from wrong of values and an ethical >Adjusting to
and developing a >Achieving system to guide aging parent
conscience personal behavior
independence >Desiring and
>Developing achieving socially
acceptable responsible
attitudes toward behavior
society
 The developmental tasks
(Santrock, 2002)

1. Prenatal period (from conception to birth)*

2. Infancy (from birth to 18-24 months)
3. Early childhood ( end of infancy to 5-6 years (Grade 1)
4. Middle and late childhood* (6-11 years of age, the
elementary school years)
5. Adolescence (10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22 years
of age)
6. Early adulthood (from late teens or early 20s lasting
through the 30s)
7. Middle adulthood (40 to 60 years of age)
8. Late adulthood (60s and above)
 Prenatal period
(from conception to birth)

 it involves tremendous growth- from a single cell to

an organism complete with brain and behavioral
capabilities.
 Infancy
(from birth to 18-24 months)

 A time of extreme dependence on adults. Many

psychological activities are just beginning – language,
symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination and
social learning.
 Early childhood
(end of infancy to 5-6 years (grade I)

 These are the preschool years. Young children learn

to become more self-sufficient and to care for
themselves, develop school readiness skills and
spend many hours in play with peers
 Middle and late childhood
(6-11 years of age, the elementary school years)

 The fundamental skills of reading, writing and

arithmetic are mastered. The child is formally exposed
to the larger world and its culture. Achievement
becomes more central theme of the child’s world and
self-control increases.
 Adolescence
(10 -12 years of age ending up to 18-22 years of age)

 Begins with the rapid physical changes – dynamic gains in

height and weight, changes in body contour, and the
development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement
of the breast, development of pubic hair and facial hair,
and deepening of the voice.
 Pursuit of independence and identity are prominent.
 Though is more logical, abstract and idealistic
 More time spend outside of the family
 Early adulthood
(from late teens or early 20’s lasting through the 30s)

 It is time of establishing personal and economic

independence, career development, selecting mate,
learning to live with someone in an intimate way,
starting a family and rearing children.
 Middle adulthood
(40 to 60 years of age)

 it is a time of expanding personal and social

involvement and responsibility; of assisting the
next generation in becoming competent and
mature individuals and of reaching and maintaining
satisfaction in a career.

60
 Late adulthood
(60s and above)

 It is a time for adjustment to decreasing strength

and health, life review, retirement and adjustment
to new social roles.
 Thank you
for listening !!!