WHY DCS ?
DCS stands for Distributed Control System which provides an Automation platform For controlling the plant process & Control Systems with optimum accuracy & efficiency. Incorporating DCS enables remote communication with all the field devices from the Control Room. The DCS has got processors which can process the signals really fast & can command the field devices i.e. Control Valves, Pneumatic Dampers, VFD - Motors , Pump s Scoop Control , Burners etc. to control the various process parameters viz. Press . , Temp . , Flow, Level, Load, Speed / Frequency etc.
DISTRIBUTION
Functional Distribution. Geographic Distribution.
SIGNAL TYPES
AI DO
Signal: 4-20 mA
AO
Control Valves Scoop Control Motors-VFD Dampers Signal: 0-24 V Limit S/W Pressure S/W Torque S/W ON-OFF Valves
DI
Signal: 024 V Solenoid V/V ON-OFF Valves ON-OFF Dampers RELAYS-TRIP Coils
Signal: 4-20 mA Press. Transmitters Level Transmitters
Flow Transmitters RTD & Thermocouple LVDT-Position T/X AI - MODULE
AO - MODULE
DI - MODULE
DO - MODULE
Input channels Input channels
Input channels
Input channels
Source: ABB-DCS / DPL-300 MW
DCS - Configuration
Therefore as expected we have 4 basic input & output [I/O] modules called; AI Modules 4-20 mA AO -- Modules 4-20 mA DI Modules 0-24V DO Modules 0-24V
CI Module: Comm. Interface which is the media of communication b/w IO Modules & the Controller.
CI-MASTER: with Controller. CI- SLAVE: with the I/O modules.
Controller: AC 800 M is the controller with microprocessor PM 864 [speed 96MHz / 32 Mb RAM].
Profibus: We have a process field bus connection b/w the I/O Modules & the Controller. Further the Controllers are connected to the Engineering Station & Operating Source: ABB-DCS / DPL-300 MW
DCS An Overview
FIELBUS COMMUNICATION CI - SLAVE AI / AO / DI / DO RACK
CI - SLAVE AI / AO / DI / DO RACK
CI - SLAVE
AI / AO / DI / DO RACK
CI - MASTER
Source: ABB-DCS / DPL-300 MW
Panel Configuration of a Typical DCS
Front View: showing the Controllers, Ethernet Switches & The Field Bus.
Rear View: showing the I/O Modules, the Power Distribution & JB connections.
DCS - Architecture
Source: ABB-DCS / DPL-300 MW
VARIOUS CONTROL SYSTEMS IN A POWER PLANT
MAJOR BOILER CONTROL LOOPS CONTROL LOOPS 1. Furnace Draft Control Loop. Loop. 2. 3-Element Control Loop. Loop. 3. Fuel Flow Control Loop. Control Loop. 4. Air Flow Control Loop. Control Loop. 5. De-Aerator Level Control Loop. Loop. 6. De-Aerator Pressure Control Loop.
MAJOR TURBINE
1. Speed/Frequency Control
2. Hotwell Level Control
3. Gland Sealing Press.
4. Lube Oil Control Temp
5. Turbine Vacuum Control
De-Aerator Level Control
Binary Signals 0 & 1 4-20 mA as AI
Binary Signals 0 & 1 4-20 mA as AO
Level T / X Deaerator Level Control Valve
A / D Converter
D / A Converter
Furnace Draft Control Loop
ID Fan Damper
De-Aerator Pressure Control Loop
Press . T / X
Pressure Control Valve
Superheated Steam Temp. Control Loop
Thermocouple
Spray Control Val
3 ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL LOOP
Combustion Control Loop Control Loop
Fuel Flow
Press. T/X
Thermocouple
VFD Drag Chain Feeders
Combustion Control Loop Air Flow Control Loop
Hotwell Level Control Loop
Scoop Control
Level T / X Hotwell Control Valve
PRDS - Pressure Control Loop
Press. T/X
Press. Reducing Valve
PRDS Temp. Control Loop
Thermocouple/RTD Spray Control Valve
Speed/Frequency Control Loop
WOODWARD 505 E
FIELD
DCS
FIELD
Remote SP
WOODWARD 505 E Interlocks I Auto/Manual Stn.
A /M
AI
Press. T/X.
AO AO- Module
Pr
AIModule
DRUM-LEVEL
DRUM-PRESS. PT FT
STEAM-FLOW FT
FEED-FLOW
FIELD
LT-A
LT-B
1 out of 2 Logic
+ C-SP
1/3 E
AI- CARD
R-SP
MV PID
PID
MV
DCS AO- CARD 4-20 mA
I/P
I /P
FIELD 100 % Control Valve
30 % Control Valve
LOAD [MW] Main Steam Pr. Extraction Pr.
A/M
Speed Sensor AIModule
AO- Module
Turbine Control Valve
Combustion Control Loop Flow Control Loop
Fuel
FSpeed
F -
F +
Trip Speed
A/M
VFD Drag Chain Feeders
