Chapter 1 - Introduction To Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing

This document provides an introduction to neuro-fuzzy and soft computing. It defines artificial intelligence and discusses typical AI problems like object recognition, communication, and navigation. It then defines soft computing as an approach that parallels human reasoning by being tolerant of imprecision. Soft computing uses techniques like fuzzy set theory, neural networks, and probabilistic reasoning to deal with complex real-world problems. Neuro-fuzzy systems combine these techniques by using fuzzy rules to represent knowledge in artificial neural networks for learning and adaptation.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction To Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing

Uploaded by

Isha Keshav

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Introduction to neuro-fuzzy and

soft computing
Artificial Intelligence

What is intelligence?
• Real intelligence is what determines the normal thought process of a
human.
• Artificial intelligence is a property of machines which gives it ability to
mimic the human thought process.
• The intelligent machines are developed based on the intelligence of a
subject, of a designer, of a person, of a human being.
• Artificial Intelligence is concerned with the design of intelligence in an
artificial device.
• The term was coined by McCarthy in 1956.
Artificial Intelligence

Typical AI problems
Examples of common-place tasks include
– Recognizing people, objects.
– Communicating (through natural language).
– Navigating around obstacles on the streets

• These tasks are done matter of factly and routinely by people and some
other animals.

• Expert tasks include:

-Medical diagnosis.
-Mathematical problem solving
-Playing games like chess
Artificial Intelligence

• An Expert System: One of AI Products

Artificial Intelligence

• An Intelligent System
Artificial Intelligence

Intelligent behaviour
• Some of these tasks and applications are:
1. Perception involving image recognition and computer vision
2. Reasoning
3. Learning
4. Understanding language involving natural language processing,
speech processing
5. Solving problems
6. Robotics
Soft Computing

What is soft computing?

• An approach to computing which parallels the remarkable ability
of the human mind to reason and learn in an environment of
uncertainty and imprecision.

• Soft computing differs from conventional (hard) computing in that,

unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty,
partial truth, and approximation. In effect, the role model for soft
computing is the human mind.
What is Hard Computing ?

• Hard computing, i.e., conventional computing, requires a

precisely stated analytical model and often a lot of
computation time.
• Many analytical models are valid for ideal cases.
• Real world problems exist in a non-ideal environment.
Soft Computing

Why soft computing approach?

Typically human can:

1. Take decisions
2. Inference from previous situations experienced
3. Expertise in an area
4. Adapt to changing environment
5. Learn to do better
6. Social behaviour of collective intelligence
Soft Computing

Why soft computing approach?

• Mathematical model & analysis can be done for relatively simple

systems.

• More complex systems arising in biology, medicine and management

systems remain intractable to conventional mathematical and
analytical methods.

• Soft computing deals with imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth and

approximation to achieve tractability, robustness and low solution cost.
Components of Soft Computing

Fuzzy Set Theory • Uncertainty

Neural Networks • Learning and Adaptation

Probabilistic Reasoning • Reasoning in Uncertainty

Evolutionary Computing • Adaptive search and Optimization

Techniques under S. C.
Soft Computing

Characteristics of Neuro-Fuzzy & Soft Computing:

1. Human Expertise
2. Biologically inspired computing models
3. New Optimization Techniques
4. Numerical Computation
5. New Application domains
6. Model-free learning
7. Intensive computation
8. Fault tolerance
9. Goal driven characteristics
10. Real world applications
AI and Soft Computing