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Gaussian Errors & Histograms

The document discusses probability of errors and the Gaussian curve. It explains that taking multiple readings of a quantity and plotting them on a histogram shows that the average value is the most probable value since the distribution is uniform around it. The Gaussian law of error states that when random errors predominate, the probable error in a measurement can be estimated using the Gaussian equation. Plotting the probability of occurrence against deviation from the average value in terms of σ produces a Gaussian curve with a peak at the average value, indicating it is the most correct value.

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neha yarrapothu
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409 views4 pages

Gaussian Errors & Histograms

The document discusses probability of errors and the Gaussian curve. It explains that taking multiple readings of a quantity and plotting them on a histogram shows that the average value is the most probable value since the distribution is uniform around it. The Gaussian law of error states that when random errors predominate, the probable error in a measurement can be estimated using the Gaussian equation. Plotting the probability of occurrence against deviation from the average value in terms of σ produces a Gaussian curve with a peak at the average value, indicating it is the most correct value.

Uploaded by

neha yarrapothu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Probability of Errors and Gaussian Curve

• A method of presenting test results is in the form of a histogram or block diagram.


• The number of readings of the same quantity is taken and the measured value readings obtained
are as given in Table
Probability of Errors and Gaussian Curve
• Now a graph is plotted between the number of readings and the value of frequency.
• This graph is called a HISTOGRAM.
• The distribution and the shape of the curve indicate that the average value is the most probable
value.
• The deviation on the positive and negative sides of the average value is uniform. Therefore, the
middle or the average value is the most appropriate one.
Gaussian Error
• The Gaussian law or normal law: The Gaussian law of error is the basis for the study of random
effects.
• When random errors are predominant, the probable error in a particular measurement can be
estimated. The equation for the Gaussian law is
Gaussian Error
• For each reading, the probability of occurrence of deviation is calculated. A graph is plotted
between y and ω as shown in Fig.1.8.
• The deviation is calculated in terms of σ on both sides of the average value, and a graph is plotted.
• If the average value is the true value, the probability of occurrence of zero deviation is maximum.
• Therefore, corresponding to the average value, we will have a peak. If the shape of the graph is as
shown in Fig, we can confidently say that the average value is the most correct value.

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