Group 2
Presentation
Members
Tzzia Kz Kryle Tutanes Cyril Sombilon Ervi Iasarni Romero
Rocks
&
Rock Cycle
What is a rock?
What is a rock?
A rock is a solid mass of geological
materials. Rocks are found in the
lithosphere. The lithosphere is the rigid,
rocky, outermost part of the Earth,
composed of the crust and uppermost
part of the upper mantle.
What is a rock?
A rock is a solid mass of geological
materials. Rocks are found in the
lithosphere. The lithosphere is the rigid,
rocky, outermost part of the Earth,
composed of the crust and uppermost
part of the upper mantle.
What is a rock?
A rock is a solid mass of geological
materials. Rocks are found in the
lithosphere. The lithosphere is the rigid,
rocky, outermost part of the Earth,
composed of the crust and uppermost
part of the upper mantle.
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Igneous Rocks
• Sedimentary Rocks
• Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Igneous is derived from the Latin
‘’igneus’’, which means ‘’on fire’’
Igneous rocks formed from the
cooling and solidification of magma
or lava.
2 main categories of Igneous Rocks
• Intrusive
• Extrusive
Intrusive
• Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools
and solidifies within the crust of the planet.
• Visible to the naked eye.
• Also known as ‘’Plutonic’’.
Intrusive
Granite Diorite Syenite Pegmatite
Extrusive
• Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the
Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged
from underground.
• May not be visible.
• Also known as ‘’Volcanic’’.
Extrusive
Basalt Andesite Obsidian Rhyolite
Pyroclastic Rocks
• From the consolidation of particles erupted by
explosive volcanic activity.
• Pyroclastic rocks have characteristics of both igneous
and sedimentary rocks.
Pyroclastic Rocks
Tuff Ignimbrite Volcanic
Breccia
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock
that are formed by the accumulation or
deposition of mineral or organic particles
at Earth's surface, followed by
cementation.
3 ways Sedimentary Rocks can form
• Clastic Sedimentation
• Chemical Sedimentary
• Bioclastic Sedimentary
Clastic Sedimentation
Clastic sediment is sediment
consisting of fragments of rock,
transported from elsewhere and
redeposited to form another rock.
Clastic Sedimentation
Shale Sandstone Conglomerate
Chemical Sedimentary
Chemical sedimentary rocks form by
the precipitation of minerals from
water.
Chemical Sedimentary
Dolostone Limestone Rock Salt
Bioclastic Sedimentary
Bioclastic sediment is a term used to
describe carbonate-rich sediments
consisting of fragments/shells of
dead organisms.
Bioclastic Sedimentary
Coquina Chalk
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks are formed when
preexisting rocks or parent rocks
are altered by heat, pressure, and
the chemical activity of fluids.
Metamorphic Rocks
These processes are collectively
called metamorphism, meaning
“change in form”.
2 major types of Metamorphic Rocks
• Foliated
• Non-foliated
Foliated
As pressure squeezes on a parent rock
during recrystallization it causes the
platy or elongated minerals within the
rock to become aligned, or foliated.
Foliated
Foliated rocks develop a platy or sheet-
like structure that reflects the direction
that pressure was applied in. This type of
metamorphism is called regional
metamorphism.
Foliated
Slate Schist Gneiss
Non-foliated
Occurs when hot igneous rock intrudes into
some pre-existing rock. The pre-existing
rock is essentially baked by the heat,
changing the mineral structure of the rock
without the addition of pressure. This
process is called contact metamorphism.
Non-foliated
Quartzite Marble
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphism may immediately happen
from instantaneous events such as faulting
for dynamic metamorphism and meteorite
impact for shock metamorphic.
Dynamic Metamorphism
Dynamic metamorphism is the result
of very high shear stress, such as
occurs along fault zones.
Shock Metamorphism
Shock metamorphism describes the
effects of shock-wave-related
deformation and heating during
impact events.
Rock Cycle
Magma
Magma is sent to the earth’s surface
Igneous Rock
Volcanic Eruption
It cools and forms an Igneous rock
Igneous Rock Sediments
Next this rocks breaks into small pieces of sediment
Sediments
Sedimentary Rock
As sediments build up and harden over the years,
a sedimentary rock is formed
Sedimentary Rock
Earth’s crust
Slowly this sedimentary rock goes deep into the Earth’s
crust
Earth’s crust
Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock
When the heat and pressure get high,
The sedimentary will metamorphous in a metamorphic rock
And the cycle
will start all
over again
Volcanic Eruption
Igneous Rock
Magma
Sedimentary Rock
Sediments
Metamorphic Rock
Rocks Cycle
As a
Biogeochemical Cycle
Humankind primarily used rocks for building and improving
communities.
When rocks are uplifted and
exposed to the surface, it
interacts with the hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere as it
will undergo physical, chemical, and
biological weathering once it is on
the surface.
When rocks are uplifted and
exposed to the surface, it
interacts with the hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere as it
will undergo physical, chemical, and
biological weathering once it is on
the surface.
As smaller sediments are
formed through weathering,
soil could become organic-
rich soil conducive for plant
growth.
Importance of the rock
cycle to earth as a system?
The rock cycle is an important aspect of our
dynamic Earth because it enables rocks to
change to different types of rock depending
on their location and circumstances. In other
words, it helps rocks to recycle themselves so
that new structures can be built as the
Earth's surface changes from plate tectonics.
THANK YOU !!
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