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Practice Teaching On Fertilization and Implantation.

Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes within 24 hours of ovulation. The sperm penetrates the egg and their genetic material combines, forming a zygote with 46 chromosomes. Cleavage then begins as the zygote divides into multiple blastomeres. By days 3-4, it has developed into a morula and then a blastocyst, ready to implant in the uterine wall. Implantation begins around 6 days after fertilization and is completed by day 12, as the blastocyst trophoblast cells penetrate the endometrium using enzymes.

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455 views20 pages

Practice Teaching On Fertilization and Implantation.

Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes within 24 hours of ovulation. The sperm penetrates the egg and their genetic material combines, forming a zygote with 46 chromosomes. Cleavage then begins as the zygote divides into multiple blastomeres. By days 3-4, it has developed into a morula and then a blastocyst, ready to implant in the uterine wall. Implantation begins around 6 days after fertilization and is completed by day 12, as the blastocyst trophoblast cells penetrate the endometrium using enzymes.

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RDi J
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRACTICE TEACHING

ON
FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION

• PRESENTED BY :
SUNNY ALVA
KHARSHANDI
DEFINITION OF FERTILIZATION

• Fertilization is the process during which a male gamete


(sperm) unites with a female gamete (oocyte) to form a
sing cell zygote.
SITE :

 Usually in the ampulla of the uterine tube.


 Ampulla is the longest and widest part.
 Fertilization may occur in other parts of tubes.
 It does not occur in uterine cavity.
TIME:
within 24 hours from ovulation

• PHASES OF FERTILIZATION :
1.Passage of sperm through corona radiata, under the
effect of : hyaluronidase enzyme from sperms, tubal
E, and movement of tail of sperm.
2.Penetration of the zona pellucida by head of sperms
through acrosine E, from acrosome of one sperm.
CONT.

1.Fusion of the plasma membrane of the oocyte and that of the


sperm. So sperms plasma membrane remain behind.
2.Completion of the second meiotic division and formation of
the female pronucleus.
3.Formation of the male pronucleus:
- It is swollen nucleus of the sperm.
- Its tail is detached and degenerated .
CHROMOSOMES IN ZYGOTE

 Zygote is genetically unique.


 Half of its chromosomes come from the father and the
half comes from the mother.
 Zygotes contains 46 chromosomes.
SEX OF THE EMBRYO

 Embryo’s chromosomal sex is determined at the time


of fertilization.
 Sex is determined by the type of sperm (X or Y) that
fertilizes the oocyte.
 It is the father whose gamete decides the sex.
RESULTS OF FERTILIZATION

 Stimulates the penetrated oocyte to complete its 2nd


meiotic division.
 Restores the normal diploid no. of chromosomes in
the zygote (46).
 Determines the chromosomal sex of the embryo.
• Initiates cleavage (cell division) of the zygote
CLEAVAGE OF THE ZYGOTE
 Consists of repeated mitotic divisions of the zygote.
 Rapid increase in the number of the cells.
 These smaller embryonic cells are called Blastomeres.
 Normally occurs in the uterine tube.
 It begins about 30 hours after fertilization.
 Zygote divides into 2, then 4,8, then 16 cells.
 Zygote lies within the thick zona pellucida during cleavage.
 Zygote migrates in the uterine tube from its lateral end to its medial
end.
MORULA

 When there are 12-32 blastomeres the developing


human is called MORULA.
 The Morula reaches the uterine cavity at this stage.
• Spherical Morula is formed about 3 days after
fertilization
FORMATION OF BLASTOCYST

 The Morula reaches the uterine cavity by the 4th day


after fertilization and remains free for one or two
days.
 Fluids passes from the uterine cavity to the morula.
• Now the Morula is called Blastocyst, its cavity is
called blastocytic cavity, its cells divided into
Embryoblast and Trophoblast
BLASTOCYST

 It is formed of :
 1) trophoblast.
 2) embryoblast Inner cell mass.
 3) Blastocyst cavity/blastocele.
IMPLANTATION

• DEFINITION:
• It is the process by which the Blastocyst penetrates the
superficial (compact) layer of the endometrium of the
uterus.
SITE:

• The normal site of implantation is the posterior wall of


the uterus near the fundus.
TIME:

 It begins about the 6th day after fertilization.


 It is completed by the 11th or 12th day.
 By the 5th day the Zona pellucida degenerates.
 Blastocyst begins implantation by the 6th day.
 Trophoblast cells penetrates the epithelium of the endometrium.
• Penetration results from the proteolytic enzymes produces by
the trophoblast
Implantation

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