Transfer stations

selection of location
operation and maintenance

PRESENTED BY:
RISHIT -1904011041
SAHIL-1904011044
SAMAR -1904011046
SOURABH-1904011047
SHIVANI-1904011048
 Transfer stations
Waste transfer stations are facilities where municipal solid waste is unloaded from collection vehicles and
briefly held while it is reloaded
onto larger long-distance transport vehicles for shipment
to landfills or other treatment or disposal facilities.
By combining the loads of several individual waste collection
trucks into a single shipment, communities can save money
on the labour and operating costs of transporting the waste to a distant disposal site.
Although waste transfer stations help reduce the impacts of trucks travelling to and from the disposal site,
they can cause an increase in traffic in the immediate area where they are located.
 BENEFITS
• Reduce overall community truck traffic by consolidating smaller
loads in to larger vehicles.
• Reduces air pollution, fuel consumption, and road wear by
consolidating trash into fewer vehicles.
• Reduces traffic at the disposal facility. The fact that fewer vehicles
go to the landfill or waste-to-energy facility reduces congestion and
operating costs and increases safely.
 Types of transfer station
Transfer stations classified in to three types :
• Direct load
• Storage load
• Combined direct and discharge-load
DIRECT LOAD
• In direct load transfer station the waste in the collection vehicles are emptied directly into
vehicle to be used to transport them to a place of final disposition for facilities to compact
the way into transport vehicles or into west bays that are transported to the disposal sites.
• In some cases the waste may be emptied on uploading platform and then pushed into a
transfer vehicle after recycling materials have been removed.
STORAGE LOAD TRANSFER STATION

In the storage load transfer in waste are directly imported into a storage from which they are
loaded into transport vehicle by
various types of auxiliary equipment.
The difference between a direct load
and storage load transfer station is designed
with a capacity to store wastes.
COMBINED DIRECT LOAD AND DISCHARGE
LOAD TRANSFER STATION
In some transfer station both direct load and
discharge load methods are used.
Usually these are multipurpose facilities which
service a broader range of users than a single
purpose facility. Multipurpose facility. Multipurpose
transfer station can also house a material recovery operation.
The layout of multi purpose transportation is designed
for use by the general public and also by various
waste collection agencies.
ADVANTAGES
1. The small dumper placer vehicles need not have to travel long distances up to the landfill
site which on an average are located at 20 to 25km away from the center of the city. this saves
travel time and the fleet can be better utilized for making extra trips resulting in effective
cleaning and sweeping.
2. There is saving on the consumption of the fuel and as such the cost of the garbage transport
is minimized.
3. The wear and tear of the tyres and other components of vehicles are minimized by avoiding
long trips and adverse conditions at landfill sites.
DISADVANTAGES
The main problems associated with waste transfer stations are:
increased traffic volume, noise and air pollution in the surrounding
areas, and. Unless they are properly maintained there is potential for
environmental damage in these surrounding area.
Selection of location
•Land area and volume should be sufficient enough to provide landfill capacity so that
the projected need can be fulfilled for several years. ...
•The landfill site should not be at locations where suitable buffer zones between land
fill site and population are not available.
•The landfill area having steep gradient (Where stability of slope could be
problematic) should not be selected.
Criteria for Selection of location
•Land area and volume should be sufficient enough to provide landfill capacity so that
the projected need can be fulfilled for several years. In this way the cost coming on all
that procedure can be justified.
•The landfill site should not be at locations where suitable buffer zones between land
fill site and population are not available.
•The landfill area having steep gradient (where stability of slope could be problematic)
should not be selected.
•The water level in ground water table should be sufficient below the base of any
excavation to enable landfill development.
•The land which is significant environmentally (lands of biodiversity); the sensitive
ecological area of such a land should be present within potential area of landfill site.
Continue…
• Public & private irrigation water supply wells should be well
away from the boundaries of landfill site because these
supply wells will be at risk of contamination.
• Landfill area should not be very close to significant water
bodies (water courses or dams). There will be the risk of
contamination of water bodies, which can be hazardous for
aquatic life.
• No major power transmission or other infrastructure like
sewers, water supply lines should be crossing through landfill
developmental area.
Continue…
•No residential development should be near the boundaries of landfill site. The waste
disposal site must be very away from residential or commercial areas and water resources.
•Landscaping and protective shelf should be included in the design so that to minimize the
visibility of operations.
•Unstable areas that have significant seismic risk which could cause destruction of berms
are not recommended for landfill site.
•There should not be fault lines and significantly fractured geological structure. These fault
lines can allow the unpredictable movement of gas within 500 meters of perimeter of
proposed landfill development.
•Groundwaterquality should not be disturbed during the site developmental phase. There
should be monitoring facilities at site in order to ensure that ground water quality is
maintained.
 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
METHODS TO OPERATE LANDFILLING:
AREA METHOD
• The area method is used when the terrain is unsuitable for excavation.
• The filling operation usually is started by building an earthen levee
against which wastes are compacted and placed in thin layers.
• At the end of each days operation a 150-300mm of
layer of cover material is placed over the
completed landfill.
• A completed lift, including the cover material is called
a cell.
Trench method
• The trench method is ideally suited where there is adequate amount of cover material
available and the groundwater level is bellow the surface.
• Where artificial or natural depression exit, those can be effectively used for trench method.
• Canyons , ravines , dry borrow pits and pits and quarries can be used for this purpose.
Canyon/depression method
• Technique involved placement and compaction of SW in canyon/depression.
• It differs with geometry of site, characteristics of available cover
material, hydrology, geology of the site.
• Control of surface drainage is often a critical
factor in this method.
• Filling starts at the healed of canyon and ends at
mouth, to prevent accumulation of water behind the
landfill.
Maintenance:
Leachate collection system
• Leachate may be defined as the liquid that has percolated through solid waste and has
extracted dissolved or suspended materials from it.
• The rate of seepage of leachate from the bottom of a landfill is estimated by Darcy’s law.
• The use of clay has favored in reducing the leachate
percolation.
Landfill gas
• In most of the cases as the anerobic decomposition of the wastes predominates the
decomposition process the geses obtain are carbon dioxide and methane.
• Carbon dioxide as result of its density which can lower the pH of the groundwater and
increases the hardness and mineral content in the ground water.
Gas venting system
• The lateral movement of gases produced in a landfill can be controlled by installing vents
made of materials that are permeable than surrounding soil.
• The spacing of vents depends on width of cells but usually varies from 18 to 60m.
Outlet for gas venting system
• Barrier or well vents also can be used to control the lateral movement of gases.
• Well vents also can be used to control the lateral movement of gases .
• The movement of landfill gases through adjacent soil formations can be controlled by
constructions of barriers that are more impermeable than soil E g: bentonites, butyl rubber,
illities etc.
THANK YOU