CIRCLES

RELATIONS AMONG ARCS, CHORDS, CENTRAL

ANGLES AND INSCRIBED ANGLES
 OBJECTIVES

• derives inductively the relations among chords,

arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.
(M10GE-IIc-1)
• proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central
angles, and inscribed angles. (M10GE-IIc-d-1)
What is a circle?
A circle is a set of all points in a plane which are a given distance r
from a given point O in a plane. The fixed point O is called the
center of the circle and r is the radius.

A
The circle is named after its
center. Circle O O
r
 THE SET OF ALL POINTS IN A PLANE CONTAINING
THE CIRCLE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE REGIONS:
•E
 The points on the circle are the points in the plane
B
of the circle whose distance from the center is equal
to the radius. A
•C
 
 The interior of the circle is the set of all points in O

the plane of the circle whose distance from the center

is less than the radius.
 
 The exterior of the circle is the set of all points in
the plane of the circle whose distance from the center
is greater than the radius. •D
RADIUS (RADII)

A
• The segment joining the center of a circle to
a point on the circle.
O

Example: segment OA or

CHORD
A line segment joining two points on B

a circle C
A

Example:
DIAMETER A

A chord that passes through the

center of a circle. O

Example:
 A

SECANT C

A line that intersects the circle at exactly

two points. O

Example:
D
B

TANGENT B

A line that intersects a circle at exactly

one point. A

Example:
ARC B

A figure consisting of two points on a

circle and all the points on the circle
needed to connect them by a single
path. A

Example: arc AB or

An arc is a part or portion of a circle. The symbol for arc is “ “.

Arcs are classified into three categories: minor arc, major arc, and
semicircle.
MINOR ARC
A Minor Arc is an arc above the central
angle if the central angle is less than
180°
MAJOR ARC
A Major Arc is an arc above the
central angle if the central angle is
greater then 180°

SEMICIRCLE
If the measure of the central angle is
equal to 180°, then the arc is a
semicircle.
CENTRAL ANGLE
A

An angle whose vertex is at the center of B

a circle.
C

Example: ∠ABC

INSCRIBED ANGLE
B
An angle whose vertex is on a circle and A

whose sides are determined by two

chords.
C

Example: ∠ABC
INTERCEPTED ARC B
A

An arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed

angle. C

Example: arc AC

TWO INTERCEPTED ARCS

D

If angle is inside the circle.

B

• Example: arc AC
C
arc DF F
TWO INTERCEPTED ARCS
B

If angle is outside the circle. D

A E

• Example: arc DE
arc DC

C
Identify what parts related to ⊙A are named.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7) ∠JAN, ∠NAE
8) A
9) 𝐽𝑁̂ in relation to ∠𝐴 and ∠𝐽𝐸𝑁 , 𝐿𝑁̂ in relation to ∠𝐿𝐸𝑁
 A
The Central Angle -Intercepted Arc
Postulate: The degree measure of the
central angle of a circle is equal to the B
O
measure of its intercepted arc.

Examples: ∠AOB is a central angle and is

its intercepted arc. ∠BOC is a central
angle and is its intercepted arc.
If m∠AOB = 650, then m = 650.
If m∠BOC = 1150, then m = 1150.
THE ARC ADDITION POSTULATE
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent, non-overlapping arcs
is the sum of the measures of the two arcs.

Examples: Given ʘO at the right, find;

a.) m

b.) m
Solutions:

a. m = m + m b. m = m + m
= 55o + 70o = 195o + 40o
= 125o = 235o
ARC LENGTH
The measure of a central angle can also be used to determine the arc
length. The arc length is different from the degree measure of an arc.
That is, if a circle is made up of string, the length of an arc is the linear
distance of the piece of string representing the arc. The length of an arc
is a part of the circumference and is proportional to the measure of the
central angle.
Arc Length: The length of an arc of a circle is the
product of the ratio, , and the circumference of the
circle.
Example: Using the given figure at the right, find the length of

Solution: To find the length of

)
cm

because m = m∠MOY = 60
Determine the measures of the given arcs and angles. Refer to
the figure that follows. 𝐶 is the center of the circle while the
other points are points on the circle.

1. m∠2 or m∠LCM
2. m
3. measure of
4. measure of
 SECTOR AND SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle
and the two radii to the endpoints of the arc. To find the area of a
sector of a circle, get the product of the ratio and the area of the
circle.

Example: The radius of ʘC is 10 cm. If m =

60, what is the area of the sector ACB?
Solution: To find the area of sector ACB:
a. Determine first the ratio.

b. Find the area of the circle.

c. Get the product of the ratio and the

area of the circle.
A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and
the segment joining its endpoints.

To find the area of the shaded

segment in the figure, subtract the
area of triangle PTQ from the area
of sector PTQ.
  

Area of sector PTQ

DEFINITION: SUM OF CENTRAL ANGLES
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a circle with no
common interior points is 360 degrees.
In the figure, m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 + m∠4 = 360°.
Determine the measures of the given arcs and angles. Refer to
⊙𝐶 to the right. All the other points are points on the circle.
 THEOREMS ON CENTRAL ANGLES, ARCS,
AND CHORDS
In a circle or in congruent circles, two
minor arcs are congruent if and only if
their corresponding central angles are
congruent.

In ʘO on the right, ∠AOB ∠COD.

Since the two central angles are
congruent, the minor arcs they
intercept are also congruent. Hence,
 THEOREMS ON CENTRAL ANGLES, ARCS,
AND CHORDS
In a circle or congruent circles, two
minor arcs are congruent if and only if
their corresponding chords are
congruent.

In ʘO on the right, . Since the two

chords are congruent, then .
 THEOREMS ON CENTRAL ANGLES, ARCS,
AND CHORDS
In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord
and an arc with the same endpoints if
and only if it is perpendicular to the
chord.

In ʘO on the below, is a diameter and

is a chord. If , then .
Example: In the figure, is a radius of ʘC and
Find the measure of the following:
a. XZ, if XW = 10
b. WX, if CW = 3 and CZ = 5
c. XZ, if YZ = 13 and WY = 12

Solutions:
a. By the Theorem on bisector of a chord, XZ = 2(XW) = 2(10) = 20
b. CWZ is a right triangle. By the Pythagorean Theorem, WZ = 4. By
the theorem on chord bisector, WX = WZ. Thus WX = 4.
c. WZY is a right triangle. By the Pythagorean Theorem, Z = 5.
Thus XZ = 2(wz) = 10.
 CONGRUENT CIRCLES AND CONGRUENT ARCS
Congruent circles are circles with
congruent radii.

Congruent arcs are arcs of the same circle

or of congruent circles with equal
measures.
 THEOREM
In the same or congruent circles, two chords are congruent if
and only if they are an equal distance from the center.
 INSCRIBED ANGLES AND INTERCEPTED
ARCS
An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and
whose sides contain chords of the circle. The arc that lies in the
interior of an inscribed angle and has endpoints on the angle is called
the intercepted arc of the angle.

The figure shows that is an angle

inscribed in circle P. Its vertex, A, is
a point on the circle. Its sides are
chords and . The intercepted arc is
In Figure 1, ∠LAP is an inscribed angle and its intercepted arc is
LP. The center of the circle is in the interior of the angle.
In Figure 2,∠TOP is an inscribed angle and its intercepted arc is
TP. One side of the angle is the diameter of the circle.
In Figure 3,∠CGM is an inscribed angle and its intercepted arc is
CM. The center of the circle is in the exterior of the angle.
 THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES
If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the measure of the angle
equals one-half the measure of its intercepted arc (or the measure of
the intercepted arc is twice the measure of the inscribed angle).

In the figure below, ∠ACT is an

inscribed angle and AT is its
intercepted arc. If m = 120, then
m∠ACT = 60.
 THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES
If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept
congruent arcs or the same arc, then the angles are congruent.

In figure at the right, ∠PIO and

∠PLO intercept .Since ∠PIO and
∠PLO intercept the same arc, then
the two angles, are congruent.
 THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES
If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the
angle is a right angle.

In the figure, ∠NTE intercepts . If

is a semicircle, then ∠NTE is a
right angle.
Illustrative Example 1:
Use the figure at the right to find the indicated measures.

a. If m = 70, find and .

b. If , find m and
c. If m = 80 and m = 50, find .

Solution:
a. = m = (70) = 35o
b. m = m = 20o
m= m
20 = m
m = 40

c. m = m = (50) = 25
m = m = (80) = 40
m = 180 - ( + ) = 180 - (25 + 40) = 115o
Illustrative Example 2:

Given m = 74o.
Find a.) m and b.) m

Solution:
Notice that is a central angle. The measure of the
central angle is twice that of the inscribed angle
intercepting the same arc.
Because m= 740, m = 2(74o) = 148o.
Decide if the statement is correct or not. Write TRUE if it is
correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
In ⊙𝐶, m∠𝑋𝐶𝑌=164, find the measure of:
REMEMBER!

After answering the activity on this Module,

Open your Genyo account to access and
answer your QUIZ.
TITLE: Q2 QUIZ 2 – CIRCLES