A Safety Restraint System of an
Automobile
PRESENTED BY:
P.PRANAV REDDY
19D41A0358
INTRODUCTION TO AIRBAGS
An air bag is an inflatable cushion designed to
protect automobile occupants from serious
injury in the case of a collision.
The air bag is also known as an air cushion
restraint system (ACRS) or an air bag
supplemental restraint system (SRS).
This is because the air bag is designed to
supplement the protection offered by seat
belts.
A car air bag
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR BAGS
First patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was filed during
World War II.
In the 1980’s the first commercial air bags appeared in automobiles.
Ever since 1988, it became a binding.
Efforts to adapt the airbag was stranded due to prohibitive prices and technical
hurdles.
What are Airbags ?
Supplementary Restraint System for driver and/or passenger safety
in case of a crash.
Basic Mechanism: A thin nylon bag in the steering wheel / above
glove compartment inflates in the event of an impact and prevents
the driver/passenger from hitting the steering wheel/dashboard.
3 Main Components:
1) Airbag module
2) Diagnostic Unit
3) Crash sensors
Diagnostic Unit
Enables inflator unit and sensors when vehicle is turned on, performs self check.
Constantly monitors airbag readiness and indicates malfunctioning through an
indicator on dashboard
Usually stores electricity to activate airbag in the event that a crash damages the
battery / link to battery
AIR BAG MODULE
• Contains both inflator unit and light-weight fabric airbag and is located either
inside:
1) Steering wheel hub
2) Above glove compartment
3) Near side compartment (as separate/combined head/side/window-curtain
airbag)
SENSORS
Several crash sensors located in the front of vehicle and in the passenger
compartment
Each senses the sudden deceleration or impact in the event of a crash and
flips a mechanical switch to indicate a crash.
BALL AND MAGNET TYPE SENSOR SPRING AND ROLLER TYPE
WORKING OF AIRBAGS
Air Bags are designed to inflate in frontal impacts in which the car strikes
about 16 Kilometers per hour .
After collision , sensors sends an electric current to igniter system.
The electric current heats a filament (wire), which ignites a
capsule which in turn ignites the gas-generating pallets.
The gas expands quickly and inflation of airbags thereby takes
place, which breaks through a plastic cover in the steering wheel
The whole process takes about 0.1 second
Final assembly of air bag module
The air bag is then mounted to the
tested inflator assembly.
Next, the air bag is folded, and the
breakaway plastic horn pad cover is
installed.
Finally, the completed module
assembly is inspected, tested and
packaged.
Assembly of an air bag module
8
INFLATION SYSTEM
NaN3 + KNO3 = produce large volume of nitrogen
gas.
Hot Blasts of the nitrogen inflate the air bag from its
storage site up to 322Kmph.
AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT
The airbag system ignites a solid
propellant (NaN3), which burns
extreme rapidly to create a large
volume of Nitrogen gas to inflate
Before deployment After deployment the bag. The bag then
literally bursts from its storage
site and a second later, the gas
quickly dissipates through tiny
holes in the bag, thus
deflating the bag.
10
A front air bag deployed A side air bag deployed
FUTURE OF AIR BAGS
SMART SYSTEMS
Weight Sensors:
Determine what type of occupant is in the seat, i.e. adult or child.
Infrared Occupant detection:
To detect the distance the passenger is from the airbag.
Capacitive Reflective Occupant Sensing:
Identify the distance passengers from the dashboard.
To discriminate between a human occupant and inanimate objects.
Updated sensors :
• Deploys the seat belt pretensioners faster to get benefits
of the airbags.
Centralized electronic Control Unit:
• The new sensor technology through new software.
CONCLUSION
Air bags are of greater importance in today’s vehicles since
safety of human life is of prior importance.
So far safe riding and for saving the precious life the safety
bags must be implemented.
Let’s hope every automobile manufacturer implement the
same.
THANK YOU !!
