FP303 COMPUTER

TOPIC NETWORK
2: OSI MODEL AND
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
2.1 NETWORK COMMUNICATION
USING OSI MODEL (PART 2)

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Learning Outcomes
1. Define seven layer of OSI Model
2. Define functions of each layer in OSI
Model
3. Use OSI Model to explain the
communication between two network
nodes
4. Describe data packets and frames
5. Describe two types of addressing
covered by the OSI Model
RECAP!!!

1.
What is OSI Model??

2.
List all the OSI Model
Layer??
 What basically happens when data passes from Host A to Host
Host A
B? Host B

1. The Application, Presentation and Session layer take user input and
converts it into data.
2. The Transport layer adds a segment header converting the data into
segments.
3. The Network layer adds a network header and converts the segments into
packets.
4. The Data Link layer adds a frame header and frame trails converting the
packets into frames.
5. The MAC sub layer converts the frames into a bits which the Physical
layer can put on the wire.
 Example of how the OSI Layers work using
an e-mail sent from the computer on the left

Juliana E-mail sent from JULIANA:

Meet me at JJ 7:00 for breaking
E-mail received from JULIANA:
Meet me at JJ 7.00 for breaking
Ainul
fast. fast.

Identify sender and intended receiver; is there APPLICATION Identified sender and intended receiver; found
an e-mail application available? LAYER 7 e-mail application.
Encode data with X coding key; use ASCII PRESENTATION Decoded data with X decoding key; used
characters. LAYER 6 ASCII characters.
Initiate and terminate the session according to SESSION Initiated and terminated the session according
X protocol. LAYER 5 to X protocol.
Make sure all data is sent intact. TRANSPORT Make sure all data has arrived intact.
LAYER 4
Keep track of how many hops; NETWORK Keep track of how many hops;
open shortest path First; LAYER 3 opened the shortest path First;
Go to IP address 255.65.0.123 Went to IP address 255.65.0.123
Is the initial connection set up? Put data into DATA LINK The initial connection set up. Decoded data in
frames according to X standard. LAYER 2 frame according to X standard.
Send as electrical signal over the network PHYSICAL Receive electrical signal over the network
cable at X voltage, and X Mbps. LAYER 1 cable at X voltage, and X Mbps.
 Position of data and header
Decapsulation

Encapsulation
Data Segment
• Transport protocol is Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP), the unit of data sent from
TCP to network layer is called Segment.
• Segments: Transport layer (TCP/UDP)
= transport header + data (from Upper
Layer)
 Data Packet
• A packet is a basic unit of communication over a digital network.
When data has to be transmitted, it is broken down into similar
structures of data
• Packet: Internet layer (IP) = network header + transport header and
data (both transport and data from upper layers)

JULIANA AINUL

The
Internet
Data Frame
• Frames: Network layer (Ethernet) = frame
header + network, transport header and
data (from three upper layers)
• Framing = How to break a bit-stream into
frames
• Why need for framing: Error Detection /
Control work on chunks
What is PDU?
• Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is information
delivered as a unit among peer entities of
networks containing control information,
address information or data.
• PDU is something like information which
delivered through the network layer.
– Segment is PDU at Transport Layer
– Packet is PDU at Network Layer
– Frame is PDU at Data-Link Layer
– Bits is PDU at Physical Layer
 Summary
OSI MODEL
LAYER PROTOCOLS DEVICE

7 APPLICATION LAYER
Interaction at the user or
FTP, SMTP /
POP3, HTTP
Gateway

application level:
E-mail, file transfer,
client/server

6 PRESENTATION LAYER
Translation of data:
JPEG, GIFF,
MPEG
Gateway

Encoding, compression,
conversion. ASCII to
EBCID, BCD to binary.

5
SESSION LAYER Apple Talk, Gateway
Starts, stops session. NetBIOS
Maintain order.
 Summary (cont…)
OSI MODEL
LAYER PROTOCOLS DEVICE

4
TRANSPORT LAYER TCP, UDP Gateway,
Ensure delivery of entire Router
file or message

3
NETWORK LAYER IP/ IPX Router, ATM
Routes data to different Switch
LANs and WANs based on
network address.

2
DATA LINK LAYER CSMA/CD, Switch , Bridge,
Transmits packet from Token Ring NIC
node to node based on
address

1
PHYSICAL LAYER IEEE 802, ISDN Cable,
Electrical signal and Repeater, Hub,
cabling. Amplifier
Addressing by OSI Model
• Physical Address
– The physical address is also called the
MAC address and it is generated by the
manufacturer.
• Logical Address
– Logical address is IP address and it is
set by your Internet service provider
(ISP) or your router.
 Physical vs. Logical Address
Physical Address Logical Address
48 bits (24-bit vendor code 32 bits
and 24-bit serial address)
MAC Address / Hardware IP Address
Address
OSI Model Layer: Data Link OSI Model Layer: In
and Physical Layer Network Layer
The address directly A logical address is the
associate with memory address generated by CPU
locations is physical
address
I don’t stop when I’m tired.
I only stop when I’m done…