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Models of Public Policy Making

The document summarizes G. Easton's political system model, which views politics through the lens of system analysis. It describes a political system as receiving inputs from its environment in the form of demands from groups/individuals. The system then converts these inputs into outputs through authoritative allocations and implementations. Feedback also exists as a communicative process appraising the system and influencing future performance. Key aspects of the model include demands, support, inputs, the "black box" of conversion, and outputs in the form of policies, decisions, and symbolic communication.

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273 views5 pages

Models of Public Policy Making

The document summarizes G. Easton's political system model, which views politics through the lens of system analysis. It describes a political system as receiving inputs from its environment in the form of demands from groups/individuals. The system then converts these inputs into outputs through authoritative allocations and implementations. Feedback also exists as a communicative process appraising the system and influencing future performance. Key aspects of the model include demands, support, inputs, the "black box" of conversion, and outputs in the form of policies, decisions, and symbolic communication.

Uploaded by

dan
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G.

SYSTEM MODEL
• David Easton was the first to think to analyzing politics from the point of
view of system analysis in his work political system (1953). according to
Easton, political system is an interaction in any society through which
authoritative and binding allocations of values are made and
implemented.
• Public policy may also be seen as a political system’s response to demands
arising from its environment. The political system, as Easton defines it,
comprises those identifiable and interrelated institutions and activities
(what we usually think of as government institutions and political
processes) in a society that make authoritative allocations of values
(decisions) that are binding on society (Anderson, 1997).
• In simple words, according to this model, the political system receives
inputs from its environment and converts them into outputs. The inputs
are in the form of demands from groups or individuals for specific policy
CONT. …
• systems theory conceives public policy as the response of the political system to
demands from its environment. the political system consists of those institutions
that make authoritative allocation of values binding on the society as a whole.
• The environment of the political system consists of those institutions found in
the economic, social, cultural and international systems which shape political
process and whose activities are influenced by the political system. using
systems approach, it is assumed that a state of mutual causation exists between
public policy and environmental variables (Abdulsalami, 1987).
• t relies on information theory concepts such as input, output, and feedback.
Asks, "What are the significant variables and patterns in the public policy-
making system?" What goes on within the 'black box' of conversion of demands
into public policy? What are the inputs and outputs?
CONT. …
• In this model, "environment" means physical: natural resources, climate,
topography; demographic: population size, age, and distribution, and location;
political: ideology, culture, social structure, economy, and technology.
• Forces enter the political system from the environment either as demands or as
support. demands are brought to it by persons or groups in response to real or
perceived environmental conditions, for government action.
• Demands can be –
• For allocation of goods and services such as wages and working conditions, education, health
etc.
• Regulation of behavior – public safety, control over market etc.
• Participation in the political system – right to vote , form political associations
• Communication and information regarding policies of the government.
CONT. …
• Demand cannot be satisfied without support. support can be –
• Material support like payment of taxes.
• Obedience of laws, rules.
• Participatory support – voting, political discussion etc.
• Paying attention to gov’t communication like ads, ceremonies, symbols etc.
• Easton's output: policies and decisions
• Taxation and economic policies
• Regulation of human behavior
• Distribution of resources ; provide opportunities
• Symbolic outputs, communication of policy intent.
• Feedback is communicative process which produces action in
response to information about the political system. it appraises the PS
of the position of its goal and the changes brought by its performance.

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