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Introduction To Computers System

Computers are electronic devices that can perform calculations and logical operations at high speed. They process data by inputting, storing, and processing the data to produce information. Computers are classified based on their size, capacity, and application. Microcomputers are the smallest and include desktops, laptops, and smartphones. Mainframes are large computers used by organizations for critical applications. Supercomputers have thousands of processors and perform billions of calculations per second. Hardware refers to the physical parts, while software provides instructions. System software provides a platform for other software and includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities. Application software performs specific tasks for users.

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37 views

Introduction To Computers System

Computers are electronic devices that can perform calculations and logical operations at high speed. They process data by inputting, storing, and processing the data to produce information. Computers are classified based on their size, capacity, and application. Microcomputers are the smallest and include desktops, laptops, and smartphones. Mainframes are large computers used by organizations for critical applications. Supercomputers have thousands of processors and perform billions of calculations per second. Hardware refers to the physical parts, while software provides instructions. System software provides a platform for other software and includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities. Application software performs specific tasks for users.

Uploaded by

Shafi Orakzai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computers

System
Computers
• The word computer comes from the word “compute”, which means,
“to calculate”.
• Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can perform
Arithmetic operations as well Logical operation at high speed.
• A computer is also called a data processor because it can store,
process, and retrieve data whenever desired.
Data Processing
Informa
Data process
tion
• The activity of processing data using a computer is called Data Processing.
• Data is raw material used as input and information is processed data obtained as output of data processing.
Computer and its basic operation
• Inputting.
• The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system is
called input.
• Storing:
• Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for initial or
additional processing whenever required.
• Processing:
• Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or
logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on
data to convert them into useful information.
Intel 4004
Classification of Computers
• Computers are classified on the bases of physical Size, Capacity and
application area.
• When classified according to size and capacity, the following types
of computers can be identified
• Micro computers
• Mini computers
• Mainframe computers
• Super computers
• Mobile computers
Fast Expensive Complex Large

Super Computer

Mainframe Computer

Mini Computers

Micro Computers

Slow Cheap simple Small


Micro Computers
• Microcomputers are small, low-cost and single-user digital computer.
• They consist of CPU, input unit, output unit, storage Unit and software.
• Although microcomputers are stand-alone machines, they can be
connected together to create a network of computers that can serve
more than on user.
• IBM PC based on Pentium microprocessor and Apple Macintosh are
some examples of microcomputers.
• Microcomputers include desktop, notebook, laptop, tablet, handheld
computer, smart phones and netbook.
Mainframes 
• Mainframes are a type of computer that generally are known for their
large size, amount of storage, processing power and high level of
reliability. They are primarily used by large organizations for mission-
critical applications requiring high volumes of data processing.
supercomputer
• A supercomputer is a type of computer that has
the architecture, resources and components to
achieve massive computing power.
Today's supercomputers consists of tens of
thousands of processors that are able to
perform billions and trillions of calculations or
computations per second.
Hardware and Software
• The physical parts of the computer are called hardware.
• A set of instructions given to the computer is called software.
Difference between Hardware and Software

Hardware Software
• User cannot make new duplicate copies of the • User can make many new duplicate copies of the software.
hardware. • You cannot touch and feel software.
• You can touch, see and feel hardware. • Software can be transferred from one place to another
• Hardware cannot be transferred from one place to electronically through network.
another electronically through network. • Software is developed by writing instructions in
• Hardware is constructed using physical materials or programming language.
components. • Software is affected by computer viruses.
• Hardware is not affected by computer viruses. • The operations of computer are controlled through
software.
• Computer is hardware, which operates under the
• If a software is damaged or corrupted, its backup copy can
control of a software.
be reinstalled.
• If hardware is damaged, it is replaced with new one. • Examples of software are: Internet Explorer, MS Office,
• Examples of hardware includes: CD-ROM, RAM, Media Players, etc.
monitor, printer, etc.
Types of Hardware
• Input, storage, processing, control, and output devices.
Types of Software
• System software, Programming Software, an Application software,
System Software
• System software is computer software designed to provide a platform
to other software. Examples ofsystem software include
operating systems, computational science software, game engines,
industrial automation, and software as a service applications.
• System software is a type of computer program that is designed to
run a computer's hardware and application programs. If we think of
the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the
interface between the hardware and user applications.
Application software
• An application software (app or application for short) is
computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated
functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.
Types of System Software
A. Operating System
B. Device Driver
C. Utility Software
D. Language Processor
Operating System

• An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer


hardware and software resources and provides common services for
computer programs.
Device Driver
• A device driver is a program that controls a particular type
of device that is attached to your computer. There are device drivers
for printers, displays, CD-ROM readers, diskette drives, and so on.
When you buy an operating system, many device drivers are built into
the product.
Utility Software
• Utility software is system software designed to help analyze,
configure, optimize or maintain a computer. It is used to support the
computer infrastructure in contrast to application software, which is
aimed at directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users.
Language Processor
• A language processor is a software program designed or used to
perform tasks, such as processing program code to machine
code. Language processors are found in languages such as Fortran
and COBOL.
Interpreter
• In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that
directly executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming
or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been
compiled into a machine language program.
Compiler
• Compilers are a type of translator that support digital devices,
primarily computers. The name compiler is primarily used for
programs that translate source code from a high-level programming
language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language, object
code, or machine code) to create an executable program.
Assembler
• An assembler is a type of computer program that interprets software
programs written in assembly language into machine language,

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