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Chapter 2 Potential Flow For Fluid Mechanics

This document discusses potential flow and its key concepts. It covers topics like vorticity, circulation, stream function, velocity potential, basic plane flows including uniform flow, sources and sinks, doublets, and irrotational vortices. It also discusses the relationship between stream function and velocity potential using the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of superposition, which is the process of adding two or more irrotational flow solutions together.

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Mohamad Mazwan
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61 views27 pages

Chapter 2 Potential Flow For Fluid Mechanics

This document discusses potential flow and its key concepts. It covers topics like vorticity, circulation, stream function, velocity potential, basic plane flows including uniform flow, sources and sinks, doublets, and irrotational vortices. It also discusses the relationship between stream function and velocity potential using the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of superposition, which is the process of adding two or more irrotational flow solutions together.

Uploaded by

Mohamad Mazwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Potential Flow
CONTENTS
• Vorticity
• Circulation
• Stream function
• Velocity Potential
• Basic Plane
• Superposition
Potential flow (Ideal Flow)
• An ideal fluid is a purely hypothetical fluid which is assumed to have no
viscosity and no compressibility and in the case of liquids, no surface tension
and no vaporization.
• Basically there are two types of motion :
 Translation
 Rotation

• Lets consider a solid body is represented by a square.


Inviscid flow
• Flow fields in which the shearing stresses are assumed to be negligible, are
said to be inviscid, nonviscous or frictionless.
• Euler’s Equation of Motion

Euler’s equation is simply the Navier-


Stokes equation with the viscous term
neglected
Vorticity (ζ)
• The equation for vorticity is:

where ωz is the angular velocity about z-axis


• If the motion of fluid particles is purely translational and the distortion is
symmetrical, the flow is “irrotational”. So the condition must satisfy:

Irrotational flow
Circulation (Γ)
• Consider a fluid element in rotational motion. Let the velocity components
along the sides of the element be as shown in figure below:

Circulation,
Stream Function (ψ)
• Steady, incompressible, plane, two-dimensional flow represents one of the
simplest types of flow of practical importance.
• By plane, two-dimensional flow means there are only two velocity
components, u and v, when the flow is considered to be in x-y plane.
• It must satisfy continuity equation:

• To relate these two variables, u and v,


Stream Function (ψ)
• In cylindrical polar coordinates, the two velocity components are and . Thus, .
• The continuity equation for steady, incompressible two-dimensional flow
reduced to

• To relate and
Velocity Potential (Φ)
 
Relationship between stream function
and velocity potential
• We know that;

• By equating for u and v, we will obtain:

“Cauchy-Riemann Equation”
Laplace’s equation
𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟏
(a=0.5,b=-2.0,c=-1.5)

i)Obtain the velocity components u and v


ii)Plot the streamlines of the flow in the upper right quadrant
Basic Plane Flows
o Uniform flow
o Source
o Sink
o Doublet
o Irrotational Vortex
Uniform Flow
Source and Sink
Doublet
Irrotational Vortex
Superposition
• Superpositionis the process of adding
two or more irrotational flow solutions
together to generate a third solution.
Source and Uniform flow
(flow past a half body)
Source and Sink at equal strength
(Doublet)
Doublet and Uniform flow
(flow past a cylinder)
Source, Sink and Uniform flow
(flow past a Rankine body)
Exercise

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