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P & I DIAGRAM - Coding & Decoding

The document discusses different types of diagrams used in engineering projects including block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID). BFDs show the overall process at a high level using block representations. PFDs provide more detail showing all equipment. P&IDs contain the highest level of detail needed for construction including every piping and instrumentation element. The document also reviews common symbols and standards used in engineering diagrams.

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Zaman Suhail
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114 views25 pages

P & I DIAGRAM - Coding & Decoding

The document discusses different types of diagrams used in engineering projects including block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID). BFDs show the overall process at a high level using block representations. PFDs provide more detail showing all equipment. P&IDs contain the highest level of detail needed for construction including every piping and instrumentation element. The document also reviews common symbols and standards used in engineering diagrams.

Uploaded by

Zaman Suhail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P & I DIAGRAM – CODING &

DECODING

With :
Haider Ejaz
WHY USE DIAGRAMS?

- Easy way to communicate information (a picture is

worth 1,000 words)

- Used by many people across disciplines

- Largely language independent (both linguistic and

discipline specific)
DIAGRAM HIERARCHY
LESS MORE

OVERALL BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD)

DETAILS PFD PFD

SCOPE

P&ID P&ID P&ID

MORE LESS
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM - BFD

PURPOSE:
To show the interconnection of main process sections for an entire
process

CONTAINS:
High level section blocks and interconnection of those sections

LEVEL OF DETAILS:
-Low

-One Block contains complete Section

WHEN IT IS REQUIRED?
Used to train people on a process or to see a "Bird's eye view" of
the process
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

RECYCLING
SECTION

MATERIAL
PROCESSING
SECTION

LOADING SECTION

MATERIAL
RECEIVING
SECTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - PFD
PURPOSE:
To show all of the equipments needed for a process and how all of
it connected together
CONTAINS:
-An accurate representation of each equipment item
-High Level control strategies

-Heat and material balance tables

LEVEL OF DETAILS:
-Medium

-Each graphic represents a single piece of process equipment

WHEN IT IS REQUIRED?
-General working document for early front end engineering
-Used as a graphic for Heat and material balance
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM-
P&ID
PURPOSE:
To show every thing needed to construct the process and how
they are connected together

LEVEL OF DETAILS:
-High

-Everypiping and instrumentation element for every piece of


equipment

WHEN IT IS REQUIRED?
The master document during the end of front end engineering
through detailed engineering, construction, and check out
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
Contd.
CONTAINS:
-Detailed representations of each piece of equipment with nozzle sizes
and connections
-Piping connectivity, valving, sizing and specifications
-Vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers and Expanders
-Process control and safety instrumentation
-Safety Relief devices
-Pressure/Temperature values and flow direction arrows
-Change of specification guidelines
-All Mechanical Equipments with names and Tags
-Main plant Interlocks
A SAMPLE P&ID
P&ID SYMBOLS- VALVES

Ball Valve (VB)

Plug Valve (VR)


Globe Valve (VD)

Check Valve (VDR) Butterfly Valve (VF)

Gate Valve (VS)

Three-way Valve

Four-way Valve
P&ID SYMBOLS- VALVES END CONNECTIONS

Welded Valve

Flanged Valve
P&ID SYMBOLS- CONTROL VALVES

Diaphragm operated

With Manual Hand wheel Motor Operated

M
Piston Operated Solenoid Operated
P&ID SYMBOLS- MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
P&ID SYMBOLS- ELECTRICAL/INSTRUMENT

Locally Mounted

Mounted on panel board in control room

Mounted on local panel board

Mounted on rear panel board in control room

Mounted on rear of local panel board

Local Transmitter
P&ID SYMBOLS- CONVERTERS

Electric-Pneumatic Pneumatic-Electric Electric-Electric

Local Local Local

Rear of Main Rear of Main Rear of Main


Panel board Panel board Panel board

Rear of Local Rear of Local Rear of Local


panel Board panel Board panel Board
P&ID SYMBOLS- ABBREVIATIONS

PRESSURE TEMPERATURE

PC = Controller TE = Temperature sensing element

PI = Indicator Th = Thermometer Indicator

PIC = Indicator-controller TRC = Recorder-controller

PR = Recorder TR = Recorder
P&ID SYMBOLS- ABBREVIATIONS

FLOW LEVEL

FC = Controller LC = Controller

FE = Test orifice plate LG = Glass

FI = Indicator LI = Indicator

FR = Recorder LR = Recorder
P&ID SYMBOLS- ABBREVIATIONS

SELF OPERATED MISCELLANEOUS


CONTROL VALVES

FCV = Flow SG = Sight Glass

LCV = Level FV = Straightening Vains

PCV = Pressure HC = Hand Control

TCV = Temperature PSD = Pressure Safety Device

PSV = Pressure safety valve


P&ID SYMBOLS- LINE DESIGNATOR

Hot Insulated Line

Cold Insulated Line

Jacketed Line
Capillary Tube
Electrical Transmission
Pneumatic Transmission

Process piping for Instrument

Insulated Line with external tracer


PIPING SPECIFICATIONS
-Just like equipment, pipes on the flow diagram must be
identified
- Pipe line symbol, is used in which to place this
information

-In some instances the pipe specification symbol is located


directly in the flow line
12˝-30-HS33-55A-I

-Inother instances the specification information is written


above the line
12˝-30-HS33-55A-I
PIPING CROSSINGS AND CONNECTIONS
-Major flow lines are thick and command attention on a
flow diagram
-Other flow lines and instrumentation signal lines may
cross major flows, but they are always broken at the
crossing
-Two flow lines of the same size that meet at right angles,
a common method is to break the horizontal line

Major Break other


line flow lines
PIPING DECODING

V-4301 12˝-30-HS33-55A-I ME-4302

Line Size
Coating Designator
Area Code
Fluid Type Line No.
Snam. Spec.

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