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Lecture #1

This document discusses digital data representation. It begins by distinguishing between analog and digital electronics. Analog electronics use continuous valued quantities, while digital electronics use discrete valued quantities that can only have set values. Temperature is provided as an example of an analog quantity, while a digital thermometer samples temperature at discrete time intervals. The document then discusses data representation mechanisms for digital electronics, noting they involve only two possible states (HIGH and LOW voltage levels) to represent numbers, characters, and other information using binary code. Positive and negative logic are also introduced. Advantages of digital circuits are listed and references provided.

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48 views

Lecture #1

This document discusses digital data representation. It begins by distinguishing between analog and digital electronics. Analog electronics use continuous valued quantities, while digital electronics use discrete valued quantities that can only have set values. Temperature is provided as an example of an analog quantity, while a digital thermometer samples temperature at discrete time intervals. The document then discusses data representation mechanisms for digital electronics, noting they involve only two possible states (HIGH and LOW voltage levels) to represent numbers, characters, and other information using binary code. Positive and negative logic are also introduced. Advantages of digital circuits are listed and references provided.

Uploaded by

Abdii Mak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Digital Data

Representation
1. Systems: Digital and Analog
• Digital and Analog Quantities

Electronic circuits can be divided into two broad categories,


analog and digital.

- Analog Electronics
 Continuous valued quantities (Analog quantities)

- Digital Electronics
 Discrete valued quantities (Digital quantities)
- Digital quantity: Quantity having discrete set of values.
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Analog quantities:
-Quantities having continuous values.
- Most measurable quantities occur in nature in analog form.
Eg: Temperature

- The temperature varies continuously


2 Other examples: Time, pressure, distance, sound
Let’s take temperature reading every hour.

- we have sampled values representing the temperature at discrete points in time(every


hour) over a 24-hour period.
- Can be digitized by representing each sampled value by digital code. However, itself
is not a digital representation of analog quantity.

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An analog electronic system
 Public address system
 Microphone, linear amplifier & speaker

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System using Analog and Digital method
 CD player
 CD drive, Digital to analog converter (DAC), linear amplifier and
speaker.
CD drive

10110011101 Digital-to-analog Linear amplifier


Digital data converter Analog
reproduction
of music audio Speaker
signal
Sound
waves

 Both digital and analog circuits

Question: Give an example of a system that is analog and one that is a


combination of both digital and analog. Name a system that is entirely
digital.

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Advantages of digital circuits over analog
-Reproducibility of results
- Ease of design
- Flexibility and functionality
- Programmability
- Speed
-Economy
- Steadily advancing technology
- Compact data storage

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2. Data Representation Mechanisms
Digital electronics involves circuits and systems in which
there are only two possible states.
 Two different voltage levels: HIGH and LOW

Code: Combination of the two states


- Represent numbers, symbols, alphabetic character
and other type of information.

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Binary number system: two-state number system
- The two digits (bits) are 0 and 1

In positive logic: [used throughout the course]


-The bit 1 is represented by a higher voltage
level and 0 is represented by lower voltage level.
HIGH=1 LOW=0

In negative logic:
- The bit 1 is represented by LOW and 0 is
represented by HIGH.

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Ideally, one voltage level represents HIGH and another
voltage levels represents LOW.
However, in practice, HIGH and LOW can be ranges of
voltages.

 Thevoltage values between VL(max) and VH(min) are unacceptable for


proper operation.
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Topic References

Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals.


John F. Wakerly, Digital Design Principles &
Practices.

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