INTRODUCTION TO

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
RONALD H. NACION
OBJECTIVE:
Describe the characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research (CS_RS12-Ia-c-1)
 FINDING CLUES
Directions: Group the following word clues if they are characteristics
of Quantitative Research (Box A) or Qualitative Research (Box B).

A. Quantitative Research B. Qualitative Reasearch

1.Measurable 6. Text-based 11. Subjective

2.Behavior 7. Intervention 12. Sample sample
3.Statistical 8. Experimental group 13. Tables & Chart
4.Narrative 9. Unstructured observation 14. Deductive
5.Objective 10. Inductive 15. Generalizable
Directions: Match the following quantitative research title
under column A to its classification (research design) in
column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided
Column A Column B
1. Investigating the effects of formalin A. Experimental
treated eggplants on mice B. Descriptive
_2. Factors affecting job satisfaction C. Ex post facto
among Tech-Voc graduates D. Quasi-experimental
_3. Prevalence of domestic violence in E. Correlational
cities declared under Enhanced F. Case Study
Community Quarantine during the Covid-
19 pandemic
_4. The effects of age on social media
platform choice
_5. The relationship between intelligence
and sports choices among high school
students
RESEARCH
-Qualitative
-Quantative
Both utilize a specific data gathering procedure
Qualitative -is generall concerned with
understanding phenomenon relating to or
involving quality or kind
Quantative- , is based on the measurement or
quantity
 Once data is collected, it will undergo statistical
analysis like Pearson’s r, t-test and Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) for analysis. Since data is
analyzed statistically it is imperative that the data
obtained must be numerical and quantifiable, hence
its name quantitative research
 Numerical data are generally easier to collect than
descriptions or phrases used in qualitative research
Quantitative research
 uses scientifically collected and statistically
analyzed data to investigate observable
phenomena
 A phenomenon is any existing or observable
fact or situation that we want to unearth
further or understand
 It is scientific for the fact that it uses a
scientific method in designing and collecting
numerical data
 Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences

research problems because of the following characteristics:

1.
Large Sample Size. To obtain more meaningful statistical r
the data must come from a large sample size.
 Characteristics of Quantitative Research

2. Objectivity. Data gathering and analysis of results are d

accurately, objectively, and are unaffected by the researche
intuition and personal guesses.
3.Concise Visual Presentation. Data is numerical which
makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables poss
and with better conveyance and interpretation .
4. Faster Data Analysis. The use of a
statistical tools gives way for a less
timeconsuming data analysis.
5. Generalized Data. Data taken from a
sample can be applied to the population if
sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient
size and random samples were taken.
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection.
Depending on the type of data needed,
collection can be quick and easy. Quantitative
research uses standardized research
instruments that allow the researcher to
collect data from a large sample size
efficiently. For instance, a single survey form
can be administered simultaneously to collect
various measurable characteristics like age,
gender, socio-economic status, etc
7. Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed
objectively from a sample as a representative
of the population, making it more credible and
reliable for policymaking and decision making.

8. High Replicability. The Quantitative

method can be repeated to verify findings
enhancing its validity, free from false or
immature conclusions
 Advantages of Quantitative Research
The following are the advantages of quantitative
research or its strengths
1.Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes. .
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
 Advantages of Quantitative Research
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and
effect
5.Fast and easy data analysis using statistical
software.
6.Fast and easy data gathering 7.Quantitative
research can be replicated or repeated.
8.Validity and reliability can be established
 Disadvantages of Quantitative Research

The following are the disadvantages of quantitative research

or its weaknesses:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or
concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human
experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data
such as feelings, and beliefs.
 Disadvantages of Quantitative Research

4.The research design is rigid and not very

flexible.
5.The participants are limited to choose only
from the given responses.
6.The respondents may tend to provide
inaccurate responses.
7.A large sample size makes data collection more
costly.
 Kinds of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified into smaller
and more specific kinds: descriptive, correlational, ex post facto, quasi-
experimental, and experimental

The Corellation Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon

by observing it as it occurs in nature. There is no experimental manipulation, and
the researcher does not start with a hypothesis. The goal of descriptive research is
only to describe the person or object of the study. An example of descriptive
research design is “the determination of the different kinds of physical activities
and how often high school students do it during the quarantine period.”
 Kinds of Quantitative Research
Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible
relationship between previous events and present conditions.
The term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at
the possible causes of an already occurring phenomenon. Just
like the first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this
design. An example of this is “How does the parent’s academic
achievement affect the children obesity?”.
 Kinds of Quantitative Research

The correlational design identifies the relationship between

variables. Data is collected by observation since it does not
consider the cause and effect, for example, the relationship
between the amount of physical activity done and student
academic achievement.
A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-
and-effect relationship of variables. Although it resembles the
experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity
due to the absence of random selection and assignment of
subjects. Here, the independent variable is identified but not
manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing
groups of subjects. The group exposed to treatment
(experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to
treatment (control): example, the effects of unemployment on
attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared
areas.
 Kinds of Quantitative Research

Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to

establish the cause-and-effect relationship of two or more
variables. This design provides a more conclusive result
because it uses random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of the
effects of various blended learning to the reading
comprehension of elementary pupils
 True or False Directions: On the space provided, write TRUE if the
statement describes quantitative research and FALSE if it is incorrect

_______1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.

_______2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and
predict.
_______3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may
change.
_______4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than
qualitative data.
_______5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is
unique in every case.
_______6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
_______7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any stage
of the process.
_______8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the
analysis of results.
_______9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
______10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages
the participants in the study
 Activity 4: Yes or No
Direction: Write YES on the blank if the question requires for quantitative
approach and NO if it does not.
__________1. Are high grades in Mathematics a good indicator for employment
after graduation?
__________2. Will taking brain enhancers increase examination scores?
__________3. Are there changes in consumer behavior before and after online
selling was popularized?
__________4. Do online learning materials enhance the computer skills of
students? _
_________5. Are there changes in the study habits of public-school students
before and after the Covid-19 pandemic?
__________6. What kind of pick-up lines are most appealing to both genders
at the early adult stage?
__________7. Is there a difference in the academic performance of students
using online, blended and modular learning modalities?
__________8. Will student’s and parent’s attitudes towards distance learning
change over time?
__________9. Which of the four SHS tracks (Academic, Tech-Voc, Sports,
Arts & Design) is greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic?
__________10. What are the factors affecting the delayed completion and
submission of assignments/tasks given to students using modular learning
modality?
 ACTIVITY 2 (PORTFOLIO
Directions: Read and identify ten (10) different quantitative research titles and
classify them as to which quantitative design they belong.

RESEARCH TTILE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

DESIGN
1.
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10.