English for Academic
and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 1
LESSON 1
ACADEMIC TEXT
SRUCTURES
* Differentiates language used in
academic texts from various
disciplines
TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong. Write your answer in
your notebook.
• 1. Formality in academic writing requires precision to make a legitimate piece of
writing.
• 2. Writing is a form of communication that is shaped by the following factors: topic,
role, and audience.
• 3. The use of personal pronouns such as I, you, and we is acceptable in academic
writing.
• 4. “How can these problems be solved?” is an example of a critical question.
• 5. Because is an example of transitional device that expresses cause and effect.
• 6. An abstract is a summary of a novel.
• 7. The conclusion is the section that summarizes the main points of the
essay.
• 8. A summary is a condensed form of a text which is usually half of the
original material.
• 9. To introduce a topic in an essay, the writer must be able to explain its
details.
• 10. A research paper contains background of the study, body and
Directions: Below are jumbled parts of a
common research paper. Put them into the
correct order by using numbers to present the
sequence. Write your answer in your notebook.
A.Presentation of the Research Problem
B.Title of the Research Paper
C.Presentation of the Results
D.Recommendations
E. Overview or Scope of Research
F. Interpretation and Discussion of Results
G. The Reference List
H. The Abstract
I. Review of Past Research Relevant to the
Paper
J. Description of Methods used to Carry out the
research
WHAT IS AN ACADEMIC
TEXT?
Academic text is defined as critical,
objective, specialized texts written by
experts or professionals in a given
field using formal language.
Academic writing, therefore, is
generally quite formal, objective
(impersonal) and technical.
It is formal by avoiding casual or
conversational language, such as
contractions or informal vocabulary.
It is impersonal and objective by avoiding
direct reference to people or feelings, and
instead emphasizing objects, facts and
ideas.
It is technical by using vocabulary specific
to the discipline.
HOW TO BE A
GOOD WRITER?
You will need to learn the
specific styles and structures
for your discipline, as well as
for each individual writing
task.
Some examples of
academic writing are
as follow:
Literary Analysis
essay examines, evaluates, and makes
an argument about a literary work.
It requires careful close reading of one
or multiple texts and often focuses on a
specific characteristic, theme, or motif.
Research Paper
uses outside information to support a thesis or make an
argument. Research papers are written in all disciplines
and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in nature.
Common research sources include data, primary sources
(e.g., historical records), and secondary sources (e.g.,
peer reviewed scholarly articles). Writing a research
paper involves synthesizing this external information with
your own ideas.
Dissertation
(or thesis) is a document submitted at the
conclusion of a Ph.D. program. The dissertation is a
book-length summarization of the doctoral
candidate’s research.
Academic papers may be done as a part of a class, in a
program of study, or for publication in an academic
journal or scholarly book of articles around a theme,
by different authors.
Structure
is an important feature of academic
writing. A well-structured text enables the
reader to follow the argument and
navigate the text. In academic writing a
clear structure and a logical flow are
imperative to a cohesive text.
2 common structures of
academic texts
1. The Three-Part Essay
Structure
is a basic structure that
consists of introduction,
body and conclusion.
Introduction
Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and structure of
the paper. As a rough guide, an introduction might be between 10 and 20
percent
of the length of the whole paper and has three main parts:
A. The most general information, such as background and/or definitions.
B. The core of the introduction, where you show the overall topic, purpose,
your
point of view, hypotheses and/or research questions (depending on what
kind of paper it is).
C. The most specific information, describing the scope and structure of your
paper.
The Body
It develops the question, “What is the topic
about?”. It may elaborate directly on the topic
sentence by giving definitions, classifications,
explanations, contrasts, examples and evidence.
This is considered as the heart of the essay because
it expounds the specific ideas for the readers to
have a better understanding of the topic. It usually
is the largest part of the essay.
Conclusion
The conclusion is closely related to the introduction
and is often described as its ‘mirror image’. This means
that if the introduction begins with general information
and ends with specific information, the conclusion
moves in the opposite direction. The conclusion usually
begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or
structure of the paper, confirms the topic that was given
in the introduction, ends with a more general statement
about how this topic relates to its context.
2. The IMRaD Structure
Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.
The Introduction usually depicts the background of
the topic and the central focus of the study. The
Methodology lets your readers know your data
collection methods, research instrument employed,
sample size and so on. Results and Discussion
states the brief summary of the key findings or the
results of your study.
STRUCTURE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON POLITICS
INTRODUCTION
BODY
CONCLUSION
