SERIES AND PARELLEL CIRCUIT

Madam Anati Syahirah Binti Hedzir

Series and Parallel Circuits
 Series and Parallel Circuits

Series

• Components are in a single

loop, and the current flows
from one to the next without
any branches.
 Series and Parallel Circuits

Series

• Components are in a single

loop, and the current flows
from one to the next without
any branches.
• If more bulbs are put into
the circuit then the bulbs will
be dimmer than before.
 Series and Parallel Circuits

Series

• Components are in a single

loop, and the current flows
from one to the next without
any branches.
• If more bulbs are put into
the circuit then the bulbs will
be dimmer than before.
• If one bulb breaks then the
circuit is broken and all
components stop working.
 Series and Parallel Circuits

Series Parallel

• Components are in a single • Components are connected on

loop, and the current flows different branches of the
from one to the next without wire
any branches.
• If more bulbs are put into
the circuit then the bulbs will
be dimmer than before.
• If one bulb breaks then the
circuit is broken and all
components stop working.
 Series and Parallel Circuits

Series Parallel

• Components are in a single • Components are connected on

loop, and the current flows different branches of the
from one to the next without wire.
any branches. • If more bulbs are added then
• If more bulbs are put into the lamps stay bright – they
the circuit then the bulbs will take full voltage.
be dimmer than before.
• If one bulb breaks then the
circuit is broken and all
components stop working.
 Series and Parallel Circuits

Series Parallel

• Components are in a single • Components are connected on

loop, and the current flows different branches of the
from one to the next without wire.
any branches. • If more bulbs are added then
• If more bulbs are put into the lamps stay bright – they
the circuit then the bulbs will take full voltage.
be dimmer than before. • If one bulb breaks the
• If one bulb breaks then the components on different
circuit is broken and all branches keep working. Our
components stop working. home circuits are parallel.
 Current in Series and Parallel circuits

Ammeters can be placed

anywhere in a series circuit and
will all give the same reading.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/energy_electricity_forces/electric_current_voltage/revision/6/
Current in Series and Parallel circuits

In a parallel circuit
the current through
each component
depends upon its
resistance.
Current in Series and Parallel circuits

In a parallel circuit
5.5A the current through
1.5A each component
depends upon its
3A
resistance.
1A The total current
flowing around the
circuit is equal to the
total of all the
currents in the
separate branches.
Current in Series and Parallel circuits

In a parallel circuit
5.5A the current through
1.5A each component
depends upon its
3A
resistance.
1A The total current
flowing around the
circuit is equal to the
total of all the
A1 = A2 + A3 + A4 currents in the
separate branches.
Current in Series and Parallel circuits

In a parallel circuit
5.5A the current through
1.5A each component
depends upon its
3A
resistance.
1A The total current
flowing around the
circuit is equal to the
total of all the
A1 = A2 + A3 + A4 currents in the
separate branches.
5.5 = 1.5 + 3 + 1
 Voltage is
Voltage in Series and Parallel circuits measured using a
VOLTMETER

To measure the voltage across

a component in a circuit the
voltmeter must be placed in
parallel with it.
 Voltage is
measured using
Voltage in Series and Parallel circuits a
VOLTMETER

In a series circuit the total

voltage (PD) of the supply is
shared between the various
components, so the voltages
around a series circuit always
add up to equal the source
voltage.
 Voltage is
measured using
Voltage in Series and Parallel circuits
a
VOLTMETER

In a parallel
circuit all
components get
In a series circuit the total the full source
voltage (PD) of the supply is voltage, so the
shared between the various voltage is the
components, so the voltages same across all
around a series circuit always components
add up to equal the source
voltage.
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In series
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In series
If resistors are connected in
series, the current through each
resistor is the same.

I1 = I2 = I3

I1 I2 I3
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In series
If resistors are connected in
VT series, the current through each
resistor is the same.
V1 V2 V3 I1 = I2 = I3

I1 I2 I3

If resistors are connected in

series, the potential difference
across all resistors is equal to
the sum of the potential
differences across each
resistor.

VT = V1 + V2 + V3
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In series
If resistors are connected in
VT series, the current through each
resistor is the same.
V1 V2 V3 I1 = I2 = I3
R1 R2 R3
I1 I2 I3

If resistors are connected in The total resistance of a

series, the potential difference number of resistors in series is
across all resistors is equal to equal to the sum of all the
the sum of the potential individual resistances.
differences across each
resistor. RT = R1 + R2 + R3

VT = V1 + V2 + V3
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In parallel
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In parallel
IT If resistors are connected in
parallel, the total current is
I1 equal to the sum of the currents
through each resistor.
I2
I T = I1 + I 2 + I 3
I3
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In parallel
IT If resistors are connected in
parallel, the total current is
V1 equal to the sum of the currents
I1
through each resistor.
I2 V2
I T = I1 + I 2 + I 3
I3 V3

If resistors are connected in

parallel, the potential
difference across all resistors is
the same.

V1 = V2 = V3
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In parallel
IT If resistors are connected in
parallel, the total current is
V1 equal to the sum of the currents
I1
R1 through each resistor.
I2 V2
R2 I T = I1 + I 2 + I 3
I3 V3
R3
If resistors are connected in The total resistance of a
parallel, the potential number of resistors in parallel is
difference across all resistors is given by the formula:
the same.
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
V1 = V2 = V3
Resistance in Series and Parallel circuits

In parallel

The total resistance of a

number of resistors in parallel is
R1
given by the formula:
R2
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
R3
For example, if:

R1 = 18Ω
R2 = 12Ω
R3 = 6Ω

1/RT = 1/18 + 1/12 + 1/6

= 2/36 + 3/36 + 6/36 =
11/36
QUICKCHECK 23.19

What does the voltmeter read?

A. 6V
B. 3V
C. 2V
D. Some other value
E. Nothing because this
will fry the meter.

Slide 23-35
QUICKCHECK 23.19

What does the voltmeter read?

A. 6V
B. 3V
C. 2V
D. Some other value
E. Nothing because this
will fry the meter.

Slide 23-36
VOLTAGE DIVIDER RULE
CURRENT DIVIDER RULE