Department of Electrical and computer Engineering
College of Engineering and Technology
Jimma University
CHAPTER 3.1
8086 INSTRUCTION SET
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
Machine Language format
8086 microprocessors instruction
sets which includes
Data transfer instruction
Arithmetic and logic
instruction
Program control instruction
String instruction and so on
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WHAT IS INSTRUCTION SET?
It is the set of instruction that the processor
is designed to decode
It is the language that the processor can
understand
In 8086 there are around 117 instruction that
can be used more than 20,000 permutation
of operand
8086 is a CISC type processor whose
instruction set are many with different clock
cycle
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MAJOR TYPES OF 8086
INSTRUCTION CATEGORIES?
8086 instruction sets may be categorized into
the following types
Data movement instruction set
Arithmetic and logic Instruction set
String type instruction set
Program control instruction set
Processor control instruction set
Interrupt instruction
And so on
In this lecture we will see only 8086 Data
movement instruction set
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DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTION
SET : MOV INSTRUCTION
Syntax: MOV Destination, Source
Description:
Copy content of source into destination
Valid source destination combination
REG, memory
memory, REG
REG, REG
memory, immediate
REG, immediate
SREG, memory
memory, SREG
REG, SREG
SREG, REG
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MOVE (MOV) EXAMPLE
MOV AX,100h
MOV BX,AX
MOV DX,BX
MOV AX,1234h
MOV DX,5678h
MOV AL,DL
MOV BH,DH
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MOV EXAMPLE(CONTINUED)
MOV AX,1000h
MOV [100h],AX
MOV BX,[100h]
MOV BYTE PTR [200h],10h
MOV WORD PTR [300h],10h
MOV AX,2300h
MOV DS,AX
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NOTE ABOUT MOV INSTRUCTION
No flag value is changed because of move
instruction
Both operand must be in the same size.
To put immediate value directly to memory,
we have to specify its size. (Byte/Word PTR)
There is no instruction to put immediate
value directly to segment register.
Use accumulator (AX) to accomplish this.
Mov instruction cannot alter the value of IP and CS
You cannot move from one segment register to
another segment registor
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4–2 PUSH/POP INSTRUCTION
Push instruction : push a 16 bit value (2 memory) into the stack register
Syntax
push operand
Algorithm
SP = SP – 2
SS:[SP] (top of the stack) = operand
Operand type
REG
SREG
Memory
IMMEDIET VALUE
pop operand
operand = SS:[SP] (top of the stack)
SP = SP + 2
operand type
REG
SREG
Memory
No flag is changed in both case
EXAMPLE POP AND PUSH
EXAMPLES
Example 1
MOV AX, 1234h
PUSH AX
POP DX ; DX = 1234h
Example 2
MOV AX, 16554h
PUSH ax
POP bx
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LEA (LOAD EFFECTIVE ADDRESS)
Syntax: LEA registers, memory
Load Effective Address.
REG = address of memory (offset)
Example
m DW 1234h
LEA AX, m
No flag is affacted
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LDS LES
LDS
LDS (Load data segment )
Syntax :
LDS REG, memory
Load memory double word into word register and DS.
After the execution
REG = first word
DS = second word
Example LDS AX, m
LES (LOAD EXTRA SEGMENT)
Syntax
LES REG, memory
Load memory double word into word register
and ES
After execution
REG = first word
ES = second word
Example
LES AX, m
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STRING DATA TRANSFERS
MOVS, LODS, STOS,.
These instructions works with
Flag register(D flag, direction flag)
Destination index (DI)
Source index (SI)
The direction flag (D, located in the flag register)
selects the auto-increment or the auto-
decrement operation for the DI and SI registers
during string operations.
CONTINUED
The CLD instruction clears the D flag and the STD
instruction sets it .
CLDinstruction selects the auto-increment mode and
STD selects the auto-decrement mode
DI and SI
During execution of string instruction, memory
accesses occur through DI and SI registers.
DI offset address accesses data in the extra segment for
all string instructions that use it
SI offset address accesses data by default
in the data segment
LODSW OR LODSB
Syntax :LODSb
Operation
Load byte at DS:[SI] into AL. Update SI.
After excution
Al = DS:[SI]
if DF = 0 then
SI = SI + 1
Else
SI = SI – 1
LODSW bring string from DS:[SI] to AX registers
STOS
Types
STOSB and STOSW
Syntax
STOSB
STOSW
After the operation
For STOSB
ES:[DI] = AL
if DF = 0 then
DI = DI + 1
Else
DI = DI – 1
CONTINUED
For STOSW
ES:[DI] = AX
if DF = 0 then
DI = DI + 2
Else
DI = DI - 2
STOSB (stores a byte) stores the byte in AL at
the extra segment memory location addressed
by DI.
STOSW (stores a word) stores AX in the
memory location addressed by DI
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STOS WITH A REP
The repeat prefix (REP) is added to any string
data transfer instruction except LODS.
REPprefix causes CX to decrement by 1 each time
the string instruction executes;
after CX decrements, the string instruction repeats
If CX reaches a value of 0, the instruction
terminates and the program continues.
If CX is loaded with 100 and a REP STOSB
instruction executes, the microprocessor
automatically repeats the STOSB 100 times
MOVS
Opration
Copy byte at DS:[SI] to ES:[DI]. Update SI and DI.
After operation
ES:[DI] = DS:[SI]
if DF = 0 then
SI = SI + 1
DI = DI + 1
Else
SI = SI – 1
DI = DI – 1
Example
LEA SI, a1
LEA DI, a2
MOV CX, 5
REP MOVSB
MISCELLANEOUS DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
XCHG, LAHF, SAHF, XLAT, IN, OUT
XCHG
Exchange values of two operands.
Syntax: xchg operand1, operand2
Operand combination
REG, memory
memory, REG
REG, REG
Example:
MOVAL, 5
MOV AH, 2
XCHG AL, AH ; AL = 2, AH = 5
XCHG AL, AH ; AL = 5, AH = 2
LAHF AND SAHF
LAHF
Load
AH from 8 low bits of Flags register
Syntax: LAHF
After operation
AH = flags register
SAHF
Store AH register into low 8 bits of Flags register.
After operation
flags register = AH
XLAT
Translate byte from table. Copy value of memory
byte at DS:[BX + unsigned AL] to AL register.
AL = DS:[BX + unsigned AL]
Example
LEA BX, dat
MOV AL, 2
XLATB ; AL = 33h
dat DB 11h, 22h, 33h, 44h, 55h
IN AND OUT
IN
Input from port into AL or AX.
Second operand is a port number. If required to access
port number over 255 - DX register should be used.
Example:
IN AX, 4 ; get status of traffic lights.
IN AL, 7 ; get status of stepper-motor
Syntax: IN operand1, operand2
Operand operation
AL, im.byte
AL, DX
AX, im.byte
AX, DX
IN AND OUT
OUT
SyntaxOUT operand1, operand2
Operand
im.byte, AL
im.byte, AX
DX, AL
DX, AX
Output from AL or AX to port.
First operand is a port number.
If required to access port number over 255 - DX register
should be used.
Example
MOV AX, 0FFFh ; Turn on all
OUT 4, AX ; traffic lights.
MOV AL, 100b ; Turn on the third
OUT 7, AL ; magnet of the stepper-motor
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READINGS
8086 arithmetic and logic
instructions
Data control instructions
CS 477/677 - Lecture 1 29
End!
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