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BASIC CALCULUS Week 2

This document provides an overview of basic calculus concepts including: - The definition of the derivative as the limit of the difference quotient as h approaches 0. - Rules for finding the derivative of basic functions like constants, polynomials, and composites. - Worked examples of using the definition and rules to find the derivatives of various functions. - An assignment asking students to find the derivatives of 10 additional functions.

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64 views16 pages

BASIC CALCULUS Week 2

This document provides an overview of basic calculus concepts including: - The definition of the derivative as the limit of the difference quotient as h approaches 0. - Rules for finding the derivative of basic functions like constants, polynomials, and composites. - Worked examples of using the definition and rules to find the derivatives of various functions. - An assignment asking students to find the derivatives of 10 additional functions.

Uploaded by

Eli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Calculus

ENGR. OSCAR H. HALAMANI, JR.


Differential Calculus

 Definition of Derivative
 Basic Derivatives Rule
Definition of Derivative
Thederivative of f(x) with respect to x is the function f '(x)
and is defined as

read as “The derivative of a fuction of x is equal to the limit of


the function of x + h minus the function of x divided by h as h
approaches to 0
Note: y = f(x)
y ' = f '(x) = Dxy = dy
dx
EXAMPLE
Find the derivative of the following using the 4 - Step Process
1. f(x) = 2x + 5
Step 1: f(x+h) = 2(x + h) + 5
= 2x + 2h + 5
Step 2: f(x+h) - f(x) = (2x + 2h + 5) - (2x+5)
= 2x + 2h + 5 - 2x - 5
= 2h
Step 3: f(x+h) - f(x) = 2h = 2
h h
Step 4: Getting the limit as h 0
f '(x) = 2 Ans.
2. f(x) = x2 - 3x - 7
Step 1: f(x+h) = (x + h)2 - 3(x + h) - 7
= x2 + 2hx + h2 - 3x - 3h - 7
Step 2: f(x+h) - f(x) = (x2 + 2hx + h2 - 3x - 3h - 7) - (x2 - 3x - 7)
= x2 + 2hx + h2 - 3x - 3h - 7 - x2 + 3x + 7
= 2hx + h2 - 3h
Step 3: f(x+h) - f(x) = 2hx + h2 - 3h = 2x + h - 3
h h
Step 4: Getting the limit as h 0
f '(x) = 2x -3 Ans.
f(x) f '(x)

Constant Rule c 0
Identity Rule x 1
Constant Multiple cx c
Power Rule xn nxn-1
Product Rule uv uv ' + vu '
Quotient Rule u vu ' - uv '
v v2
Chain Rule un nun-1 u '
EXAMPLE : Determine the derivative of the following functions
1. y = 100
y ' = 0 Ans.
2. y = 2x + 5
y ' = 2 Ans.
3. y = x2 - 3x - 7
y ' = 2x2-1 - 3
y ' = 2x - 3 Ans.
4. y = 3x3 - 6x2 + 10x - 15
y ' = (3)(3)x3-1 - (2)(6)x2-1 + 10
y ' = 9x2 - 12x + 10 Ans.
5. y = 3 y = 3x-1
xy ' = (-1)(3) x-1-1
y ' = -3x-2
y ' = -3 Ans.
x2
6. y = -5 y = -5x-3
x3 y ' = (-3)(-5) x-3-1
y ' = 15x-4
y ' = 15 Ans.
x4
7. y = 8x4 + 12x3 - 7x-2 + 10x-5 - 15
y ' = 32x3 + 36x2 + 14x-3 - 50x-6
y ' = 32x3 + 36x2 + 14 - 50 Ans.
x3 x6
8. y = 5x3/5 + 10x5/2 - 15x2/3 + 25
y ' = (3/5)(5)x3/5 -5/5 + (5/2)(10)x5/2-2/2 - (2/3)(15)x2/3-3/3
y ' = 3x-2/5 + 25x3/2 - 10x-1/3
y ' = 3 + 25x3/2 - 10 Ans.
x2/5 x1/3
9. y = (x + 2)(2x - 3)
u = x + 2v = 2x - 3
u'=1v'=2
y ' = uv ' + vu ' = 2(x + 2) + 1(2x - 3)
y ' = 2x + 4 + 2x - 3y ' = 4x + 1 Ans.
10. y = (3x2 - 1)(5x + 2)
u = 3x2 - 1v = 5x + 2
u ' = 6x v ' = 5
y ' = uv ' + vu ' = 5(3x2 - 1) + 6x(5x + 2)
y ' = 15x2 - 5 + 30x2 + 12x
y ' = 45x2 + 12x - 5 Ans.
11. y = x + 5 u = x + 5v = 6x + 3
6x + 3 u ' = 1 v ' = 6
y ' = vu ' - uv ' = 1(6x + 3) - 6(x + 5)
v2 (6x + 3)2
y ' = 6x + 3 - 6x - 30 = - 27 Ans.
(6x + 3)2 (6x + 3)2
12. y = 8x2 u = 8x2 v = 7x - 4
7x - 4 u ' = 16x v ' = 7
y ' = vu ' - uv ' = 16x(7x - 4) - 7(8x2)
v2 (7x - 4)2
y ' = 112x2- 64x - 56x2 = 56x2 - 64x Ans.
(7x - 4)2 (7x - 4)2
13. y = 2(3x - 11)2 u = 3x - 11u ' = 3 n =2
y ' = (2)(2)(3x - 11)2 -1 (3)
y ' = 12(3x -11)
y ' = 36x - 132 Ans.
14. y = 5(x3 + 5)5 u = x3 + 5u ' = 3x2
y ' = (5)(5)(x3 + 5)5-1 (3x2)
y ' = (75x2)(x3 + 5)4 Ans.
15. y = -8(x2 + 2x - 6)4 u = x2 + 2x - 6u ' = 2x + 2
y ' = (4)(-8)(x2 + 2x - 6)4-1 (2x + 2)
y ' = (-64x - 64)(x2 + 2x - 6)3 Ans.
Is there any Question?
Assignment No. 2: Determine the derivative of the ff.
functions
1. y = 6x4 + 7x3 - 8x2 + 9x - 10
2. y = 2x5 - 4x-4 + 6x3 - 8x-2 + 10x - 12
3. y = 15x4/5 + 12x3/2 - 9x-4/3 + 6x-5/6 - 3
4. y = x6 - 3x4 + 5x2 - 7
2 4 6 8
5. y = (x + 10) (2x - 5)
6. y = (x3 + 1) (3x2 - 1)
7. y = 5x - 6 8. y = 4x2 - 1
8x + 3 2x3 - 3
9. y = 11(9x3 - 7)2 10. y = 5(4x2 + 6x + 8)3

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