CHAPTER 10

E-GOVERNANCE FOR
DEVELOPMENT
 CONTENTS

• E-Governance Defined • Stages of e-Governance

• Importance of e-Governance • Types of Interactions in e-
• SMART e-Governance Governance
• E-Governance vs. E- • Benefits of e-Governance
Government • E-Governance as an Integral Part
• Scope of E-Governance of Reform in Governance
• I-Governance for • E-preparedness and Step-wise
Development Approach
• Enabling Good Governance • E- Governance a Continuing
through use of ICT Process
• Identification of e-Governance
Projects and Prioritization
E-GOVERNANCE
DEFINED
E-GOVERNANCE

E-Governance, also known as electronic

governance, is the use of information and
communication technology (ICT) to enhance
the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and
accountability of government processes,
decision-making, and service delivery.
E-Governance encompasses a wide
range of activities, including the use of
ICTs to improve communication
between government and citizens, the
automation of government processes,
the digitization of government records
and data, and the development of
online portals and platforms for
government services.
IMPORTANCE OF E-GOVERNANCE

It introduces a new approach to publishing

government data and helps bridge the gap
between government and citizens. It also
represents the ability of the stakeholders to
have full and free access to public data and
opens up the opportunity for people to evaluate
the performance of various administrative
institutions.
SMART E-
GOVERNANCE
Smart E-governance:
A highly intelligent governance system
that redesigns existing administrative
practices and procedures based on the
smart technologies and social networks,
and enables government and
businesses, citizens, and local
communities to share knowledge and
information.
SMART E-GOVERNANCE is about using
technology to facilitate and support better
planning and decision making. It is about
improving democratic processes and
transforming the ways that public services
are delivered. It includes e-government,
the efficiency agenda and mobile working.
SMART Governance implies simple, moral,
accountable, responsive and transparent governance.

Simple- meaning simplification of rules, regulations

and processes of government through the use of ICTs
and thereby providing for a user-friendly government.

Moral- connoting emergence of an entirely new

system of ethical values in the political and
administrative machinery. Technology interventions
improve the efficiency of anti-corruption agencies,
police, judiciary, etc.
Accountable- facilitating design, development and
implementation of effective Management Information systems
and performance measurement mechanisms and thereby
ensuring accountability of public service functionaries.

Responsive- streamlining the processes to speed up service

delivery and make the system more responsive.

Transparent- bringing information hitherto confined in the

government documents to the public domain and making
processes and functions transparent, which in turn would bring
equity and rule of law in responses of the administrative
agencies.
E-GOVERNANCE
VS. E-
GOVERNMENT
What is the difference between e-Government
& e-Governance?

By e-Government we mean the use of ICT in

government operations, as a tool to increase
the outreach of the government services to the
general public. e-Governance, on the other
hand, implies the use of ICT in transforming
and supporting functions and structures of the
system.
e-Government Definition:
e-Government refers to the implementation of
information and communication technology (ICT)
like internet, to improve government activities
and process. e-Government aims of increasing
transparency, efficiency and citizen involvement
in the various government schemes, operations
and process. Hence it speeds up the justice
delivery system in the country.
Benefits of e-Government
1. It ensures greater level of efficiency and effectiveness
in government activities and operations.
2. Improves access of information to the common mass.
3. It ensures the transparency in the operation of
government programmes.
4. It increases the reach of the government to the
general public
5. It helps in improving the quality of public services
6. Increases communication between various
government agencies.
e-Governance Definition:
Electronic governance, shortly known as e-governance
refers to the utilization of information and
communication technology (ICT) for providing
government services, disseminating information,
communication operations with the general public.
In simple words, e-Governance enables public in
availing services, operations, schemes with the help of
information and communication technology (ICT).
Benefits of E-Governance
1. Revenue Growth
2. Enhances transparency, efficiency, accountability
and citizen participation.
3. Cost Reduction
4. Guides the government to make improvement in the
key areas.
5. Citizen empowerment through access to
information.
6. Increases the reach of the government to the last
beneficiary.
SCOPE OF E-
GOVERNANCE
SCOPE OF E-GOVERNACE
E-Government is the use of IT in government operations to provide Smart,
Moral Accountability, Responsive, and Transparent Governance. E-
governance is the use of information and communication technology (ICT)
for back-office operations and interactions within the entire government
framework, as well as for the delivery of government services, the
exchange of information and communication transactions, and the
integration of various stand-alone systems and services. Government
services will be made easily, quickly, and transparently available to
citizens through e-governance. Government, citizens, and
businesses/interest groups are the three main target groups that can be
identified in governance concepts. There are no clear divisions in e-
governance.
Types of E-Governance

• Government to citizen (G2C)

• Government to Government
(G2G)
• Government to Employees
(G2E)
Vision/Mission/Goal of E- Governance
The country's e-Governance initiatives are viewed holistically in
the e-Governance Master Plan (e-GMP).
Use IT to its fullest potential to automate all government
services.
Information and communication technology (ICT) is used to
deliver government services, information exchange,
transactions, integration of pre-existing services, and information
portals. To learn more about the significance of e-Governance
for the UPSC IAS Examination, continue reading. The letter "e"
stands for "electronic" in e-Governance. Common service
delivery channels, and ensure that these services are effective,
transparent, and reliable at reasonable prices to meet the
demands of the general public.
Components of E-Governance

1. Awareness and Communication

2. Assessment
3. Capacity BuildingCommon Service Centre
4. Infrastructure and Technical
5. Monitoring & Evaluation
6. Research and Development
7. Project and Financial Appraisal
Governance
• This pertains to e-Government. E-Governance is concerned with
all rules and guidelines that are used to manage the services that
the e-Government offers. The E-Government should be in charge
of overseeing the E-Government because it is an electronic
government.
• Furthermore, definition, definition, further definition, further
definition.
• In order to improve information and service delivery, encourage
citizen participation in the decision-making process, and make
government more accountable, transparent, and effective, the
public sector uses information and communication technology, or
e-governance. E-governance is the use of information and
communication technologies by the public sector with the following
objectives:
Need of e-governance
E-governance is a critical component of
developing nations like ours. To give SMART
government to the nation's citizens is the primary
goal of e-governance. The delay and issue caused
by the intermediary are the primary challenges
that people have when dealing with government
job. In order to reduce the disruption caused by
middlemen and make it simple for individuals to
access all of the government services.
E-governance is needed or important for various
reasons some of them mentioned below:
• Information delivery is greatly simplified for citizens
and businesses.
• It gives varied departments' information to the public
and helps in decision-making.
• It ensures citizen participation at all levels of
governance.
• It leads to automated services so that all works of
public welfare are available to all citizens.
Scope and content of E-governance
1. The scope of ICT implementation in government
machinery can result in:
• improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of
the executive functions of the government,
including delivery of public services;
• greater transparency of government to citizens
and business, permitting greater access to the
information generated or collated by the
government;
• It revolutionizes the functions of the government and
ensures transparency.
• Each department and its actions are closely monitored.
• The public can get their work smartly done and save
time.
• It provides better services to citizens and brings the
government close to the public.
• The public can be in touch with the government agency.
It cuts middlemen and bribery if any from the picture.
• fundamental changes and improvement in the
relationship between citizen and the state
thereby improving the democratic process; and
better interactions and relationships amongst
different.
1. wings of the same government
2. state of local governments within a
country,
3. countries whose governments are
web-enabled.
Any e-governance activity/project involves
appropriate
hardware and corresponding system software,
networking of the hardware identified above-
both the Internet and Intranet environment, and
application software along with appropriate
database management software
I-GOVERNANCE FOR
DEVELOPMENT
I-Governance stands for inclusive
governance, a method of governing that
aims to include all groups—individuals,
groups of people, and sectors—rather than
to exclude them. Information transparency,
which illustrates that knowledge is power
and is genuinely powerful when given to the
public.
I-Governance stands for:
• inclusive governance, which seeks to embrace, rather than
exclude, individuals, peoples and sectors in running
government.
• information openness, which demonstrates that information
is power, and truly empowering when placed at the hand of the
citizens
• interactive engagement, which puts premium on information
exchange through continuing dialog between authority and
constituency, and innovative management, which is committed
to a culture of excellence sustained by creativity and
innovations.
Information governance takes a comprehensive
approach to managing corporate information by
putting in place procedures, roles, checks, and
balances, and measurements that consider data
as a priceless business asset. Making
information assets accessible to those who
require them is the aim of a comprehensive
approach to information governance, which also
aims to streamline management, cut storage
costs, and ensure compliance.
Giving staff members easy access to reliable data
so they can make business decisions is one of
information governance's key objectives. In many
businesses, responsibilities for data governance
duties are split across security, storage and
database teams. Typically, a major event, like a
litigation, compliance audit, or company merger,
makes the need for a holistic strategy to
managing information obvious.
Information governance provides a wide range of
benefits. It ensures the following:
• whoever requires access to certain information
can receive it;

• underlying data is properly managed, stored and

secured;

• regulatory requirements are correctly observed,

where necessary; and risk management is in
place to minimize any issues that might arise
Why is information governance important?
Information governance improves accessibility of
information for those who require it, which is essential
for any company. Companies of all shapes and sizes
frequently experience problems with the accessibility,
usability, timeliness, and security of their information
assets, which may all be positively impacted by good
governance. The same information may frequently be
found in multiple places, which makes updating
difficult. Because of how crucial it is to adopt effective
information governance; many firms now have a C-
suite executive who is in charge of doing so.
The initial governance project is frequently
supervised by the chief information governance
officer (CIGO), who guides its creation,
administration, and continued development
across the firm. In general, the officer is in
charge of maintaining information integrity
standards, collecting necessary quality and
usage metrics, and making sure the business
complies with legal and regulatory obligations.
Additionally, it is becoming more typical for businesses
to create an information governance council made up of
important players in the company, such as
management-level representatives from every division
of the company, IT professionals in charge of
infrastructure and security, and subject matter experts
who are well-versed in how particular types of
information are used. This governance council
frequently supports the executive officer in putting
governance policy into effect and can be quite helpful in
directing its continuous evolution.
A commitment to information integrity
throughout the organization needs the active
participation of employees at all levels and in
all sectors. Information governance processes
should be actively pushed, regularly updated,
and recognized throughout the entire
organization.
What is the difference between data governance
and information governance?

When considering information governance, it's

common to wonder how it differs from data
governance, which is referred to more commonly. The
difference is subtle; data is not necessarily
information, whereas information cannot exist without
data.
Data governance, on the other hand, relates
to the control of the actual physical data,
including its storage, protection, and
transmission. Information governance refers
to data assets that have carefully defined
business implications. While meaning is
crucial to information governance, someone
executing data governance may carry out
those activities with little to no comprehension
of the meaning of the data.
Information governance challenges
Even a clear vision and strong
management support don't guarantee
information governance success.
Organizations can experience a number
of common issues when implementing
information governance, including the
following:
• Compliance and regulatory issues. An organization often
requires information governance during a lawsuit or some
other consequence of noncompliance. On such occasions,
compliance teams must go through potentially millions of
pages of documents -- and possibly even more rows of data --
in pursuit of information that has been requested for legal
purposes. This process, also called electronic discovery (e-
discovery), is daunting even when things are at their most
orderly. It can become a nightmare if the organization's
information is not well ordered and readily discoverable.
Organizations can mitigate this challenge using
several strategies, such as the following:
 establishing a universal metadata taxonomy for
consistent tagging of information
 developing a consistent retention
management/defensible disposal policy and
process; and
 establishing a data classification program to rate
all information assets according to their
sensitivity.
• Big data and machine learning. Machine learning is
increasingly essential in the enterprise, enabling the
predictive and prescriptive analytics that are necessary to
maintaining a competitive edge. But machine learning
depends on big data -- large amounts of information about
the particular domain being modeled for predictive use -- and
it is often challenging to manage data of that magnitude.
Careful attention to the integrity of data sources and the
merging and transformation of data from multiple sources is
essential in this endeavor. Organizations should ensure that
the big data underlying the analytics is as accurate and clean
as possible, and strong governance policy can help ensure
this.
Lifecycle management. One major challenge of an
information governance implementation is the need to
manage data that underlies information assets throughout
its lifecycle in multiple domains. As silos come down and
information becomes more centralized in the enterprise,
inconsistencies in its management can creep into existing
processes, causing friction between groups. All groups
using common information must agree about the process of
refreshing, modifying and archiving that information.
Achieving policies that encourage such agreement should
be a responsibility of the governance officer and council.
ENABLING GOOD GOVERNANCE
THROUGH USE OF ICT
Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in
Good Governance Process
In an effort to keep up with the rising use of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT) across a variety of disciplines,
Efforts have also been made to put it into practice in the domain of
good governance. ICT encourages the idea of the world becoming
more digital in the manner of utilizing new gadgets and technologies.
A citizen-friendly, holistic approach to good governance promotes a
government that is transparent and free from corruption. This essay
describes how ICT contributes to effective governance.By promoting
the idea that poor countries are far behind the developed ones in
terms of development in utilizing ICT for the purposes of good
governance.
Modern technology, including the internet, mobile devices,
computers, and other electronic devices, has
advanced.technology, human existence gets more convenient
and comfortable. The creation of such gadgets and the world
into a global village where people may share their ideas,
experiences, and daily activities be transmitted within a few
seconds to people all across the world. Communication and
Information. Technology (ICT) is an abbreviation for information
technology that emphasizes the importance of unified
communications. communications, as well as the combination
of computers and telecommunications with crucial business
software, middleware, storage and audiovisual systems, that
enable users to access, save, transmit and information
Since the 1980s, ICT has been a term used in academic
study.Though, the word has gained popularity since 1997 as
a result of Dennis Stevenson's report to the UK government
being published and later in the 2000 revisions to the national
curriculum in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. ICT is a
vast and an expanding idea places its main emphasis on how
to store, retrieve, transfer, and manipulate any particular
products.in digital format. In a nutshell, we may state that ICT
is associated with the notion of utilizing current devices that
allow the world to become digital.
ICT and Good Governance:

In 1954, W. Howard Gammon wrote e-government research

paper for writing about the use of ICT for providing good
governance. Now it contains information from both the
government and private sectors allowing for tailored solutions
to meet diverse needs of the population. Today, the
government uses ICT to make public administrations more
efficient and effective by cutting the notion of red-tapism. With
the increasing use of online services, citizens have been
getting more and more information about the government
services and as a result, they are becoming more capable of
solving their day to day problems.
The World Wide Web and the Internet are employed as a tool to
offer and implement various government services and programs to
the people.E-governance refers to the practice of managing
government operations using such cutting-edge technology. E-
governance is limited to If the essential reform activities have been
carried out by the government, it can be a useful and effective tool
for good governance.fair procedure Good e-governance deployment
may bring ICT to the average person by assisting the government
should coordinate its various services with the population's shifting
requirements. Services based on ICT are beneficial to while
providing public services, eliminate any superfluous human
involvement and avoid using a hierarchical structure from the many
departments and government organizations. The main
characteristics of ICT-based services are responsive, efficient,
responsive, active, and transparent.
STAGES OF E-
GOVERNANCE
The four-stage model was proposed by Gartner. It includes
four stages of E-governance: Presence, Interaction,
Transaction, and Transformation.
PHASE 1: PRESENCE
- The presence of information on the various platforms of
government such as websites, e-brochure etc makes the
first stage of E-governance. In the first stage, the activity
involves the development and establishment and delivering
of information for the stakeholder use. This stage is the
simplest, non-expensive phase in implementation of E-
governance, but it gives only little option for the
stakeholders.
PHASE 2: INTERACTION
- The second stage of the E-governance
model is the advanced version of the first
stage which involves the interaction between
the government and stakeholders such as
businessmen or interested groups or citizens.
It is a two-way communication or interaction
which involves the real means of
communication.
PHASE 3: TRANSACTION
- The third stage of E-governance involves the
transactions made between stakeholder and
government. In this stage, the government’s e-
governance efforts make life of citizens easier by
enabling electronic transactions and simplifying
government processes. Government, Business and
Departments can avail services by making a payment
online for services such as licence renewal, online
bidding and deposition of bid amount, paying taxes
online, paying for various services provided by
government.
PHASE 4: TRANSFORMATION
- This phase is the highest in order for e-governance
initiatives. This level involves exhausting the full use
of available technology to transform the government
service by receiving information, organisation and
analysing information and execution. This is the two-
way flow of information to improve the stakeholder
relationship with the government and the service
provider should have robust capabilities to handle the
issues, needs, and solving of problems of
stakeholders.
TYPES OF INTERACTIONS
IN E-GOVERNANCE
There are 4 types of interactions in E-Governance:

1.) G2C (Government to Citizens)

- In this case, an interface is created between the

government and citizens which enables citizens to
benefit from efficient delivery of a large range of
public services. It gives citizens the choice of when
to interact with the government, from where to
interact with the government, and how to interact
with the government.
2.) G2B (Government to Business)

- Here, e-Governance tools are used to aid

the business community to seamlessly
interact with the government. The objective is
to cut red tape, save time, reduce operational
costs, and to create a more transparent
business environment when dealing with the
government.
3.) G2G (Government to Government)

- In this case, Information and Communications

Technology is used not only to restructure the
government processes involved in the functioning
of government entities but also to increase the
flow of information and services within and
between different entities. This kind of interaction
is, between different government agencies as well
as between national, provincial, and local
governments.
4.) G2E (Government to Employees)

- The government is by far the biggest

employer and like any organisation, it has to
interact with its employees regularly. This
interaction is a two-way process between the
organisation and the employee. The use of
ICT tools helps in making these interactions
fast and efficient on the one hand and
increases satisfaction levels of employees on
the other.
BENEFITS OF E-
GOVERNANCE
BENEFITS OF E-GOVERNANCE
ICT-enabled connected governance contributes to:
INTERNALLY
•Avoidance of duplication
•Reducing transaction costs
•Simplifying bureaucratic procedures
•Greater efficiency
•Greater coordination and communication
•Enhanced transparency
•Information sharing between agencies
•Security of information management
EXTERNALLY

• Faster service delivery

•Greater efficacy
•Increased flexibility of service use
•Innovation in service delivery
•Greater participation
•Greater citizen empowerment
•Citizen participation
E-GOVERNANCE AS AN
INTEGRAL PART OF
REFORM IN
GOVERNANCE
Electronic governance or e-governance is the
application of information technology for delivering
government services, exchange of information,
communication transactions, integration of various
stand-alone systems between government to citizen
(G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-
to-government (G2G), government-to-employees
(G2E) as well as back-office processes and
interactions within the entire governance framework.
Reforming Government through Technology has the
vision for automation of workflows inside government
departments and agencies to enable efficient
government processes and also to allow visibility of
these processes to the citizens. In order to fulfil the
Digital India Vision, Central/State government
departments require Business Process Re-engineering
using IT to improve transactions which are most critical
for transformation across government and therefore
needs to be implemented by all ministries and
central/state government departments.
E-PREPAREDNSS &
STEP-WISE
APPROACH
• E-Preparedness and Step wise approach

What is the emergency preparedness?

The term refers to the steps you take to make sure
you are safe before, during and after an emergency or
natural disaster. These plans are important for your
safety in both natural disasters and man-made
disasters.
Being prepared can reduce fear, anxiety, and losses
that accompany disasters Communities, families, and
individuals should know what to do in the event of a
fire and where to seek shelter during a powerful storm.
Step wise approach
The STEP wise approach to surveillance (STEPS) is an
internationally comparable, standardized and integrated
surveillance tool through which countries can collect, analyse
and disseminate core information on noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs).
"Stepwise" is an approach based on work by Eric DeMello and
John Yuille. This requires a structured approach that any
assessment team will need to follow to produce an effective
assessment of needs and risks and a plan that positively
manages risks and meets the identified needs in a way which
is appropriate to the individual child and family concemed.
E-GOVERNANCE A
CONTINUING
PROCESS
What is E-Governance or Electronic Governance?

A new paradigm shift has been developed in the field of

governance by the application of ICT in the processes of
governing called Electronic- Governance or E-
Governance.
E-governance raises the transparency, accountability,
efficiency, and effectiveness and inclusiveness in the
governing process in terms of reliable access to the
information within government, between government,
national, state, municipal, and local level governments,
citizens, and businesses and empowers business through
The main focus of the E-Governance or electronic
governance is to provide transparent, equitable, and
accountable service delivery to the citizens. The aim of the
e-governance facilitates and improves the quality of
governance and ensures people's participation in the
governing process through electronic means like e-mail,
websites, SMS, conectivity, and others.
E-governance is not just about government websites or e-
mail or financial transactions. "It will change how citizens
relate to government as much as it changes how citizens
relate to each other. It also refers to the utilization of IT in
the country's democratic processes itself such as the
election.
IDENTIFICATION OF E-
GOVERNANCE
PROJECTS &
PRIORIZATION
The objectives of e governance are as follows-

1. One of the basic objectives of e- governance is to make

every information of the government available to all in the
public interest.

2. One of its goals is to create a cooperative structure between

the government and the people and to seek help and advice
from the people, to make the government aware of the
problems of the people.

3. To increase and encourage people's participation in the

governance process.
4. e-Governance improves the country's information
and communication technology and electronic media,
with the aim of strengthening the country's economy
by keeping governments, people and businesses in
tune with the modern world.

5. One of its main objectives is to establish

transparency and accountability in the governance
process.

6. To reduce government spending on information and

services.
Benifits of E-Governance

1. Revenue Growth.
2. Enhances transparency, efficiency, accountability,
and citizen participation.
3. Cost Reduction.
4. Guides the government to make improvements in
key areas.
5. Citizen empowerment through access to
information.
6. Increases the reach of the government to the last
E-Governance Projects and Prioritization

Electronic governance or e-governance can be

defined as the usage of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) by the
government to provide and facilitate government
services, exchange of information,
communication transactions and integration of
various standalone systems and services.
Here are the example of e-governance
services in the Philippines?

Internal information systems of Government

agencies, information kiosks, automated
telephone information services, SMS services and
other systems all comprise e-Government
services. And also here are the examples of
successful implementation of E-governance are e-
Mitra, e-Seva project, CET (Common Entrance
 GROUP 10

GUETA, CYNDRICK
GUNAO, ELUDELYN
HAPIN, KATRINA
HERMOCILLA,JOVYLYN
LACSA RICA
LACSA, ROSEMARIE
THANK YOU